Ethnicity and Social Networks

2. MANAR AHMAD AWADA 201050349 FATMAH AHMAD OBAID 200912643 Ethnicity and Social Networks

3. Ethnicity • Ethnicity definition • African American Vernacular English • Social Networks • Communication of practice and the construction of social identity Contents :

4. Ethnicity : deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people .

5. Food , religion and dress a distinctive speech style are all ways that ethnic minorities may use to distinguish themselves from the majority group . Scots people tend to retain features of their Scottish English , by the pronunciation of ‘r’ in words like part and star and is widely noted as a marker of Scottish ethnicity .

6. AAVE don’t need a distinct variety or code as a way to differentiating themselves from the majority group because this group has developed a distinct variety of English known as African American Vernacular English . One of its most distinctive features is the complete absence of the copula verb ‘be’ in some social contexts and ‘is’ . African American Vernacular English

7. For example : African American Vernacular English she be at school on weekdays she very nice American Standard English she’s always at school on weekdays she’s very nice

8. AAVE speakers also simplify the consonant cluster at the end of words , but they do so much more frequently than speakers of standard English . For example : last time They drop the first ‘h’ so the consonant cluster ‘st’ at the end becomes simply ‘s’ .

9. A social network: is a social structure made up of a set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) and the dyadic ties between these actors Social networks

10. the men they work with and mix with outside work are also their relation and neighbors, and they all speak alike. The patterns noted in the previous sections suggest that, as members of the working class, they will tend to use more vernacular forms that other social groups. • they frequently delete th [ð] in mother and brother ,for example, and pronounce man as [mo:n], and map as [ma:p].

11. there are two technical terms which have proved very useful for describing different types of networks : Density Plexity

12. density refers to whether members of a persons network are in touch each other. plexity is a measure of the range of different of transaction people are involved in with different individuals.

13. the concept community of practice has been adopted by some sociolinguists to permit a focus on social categories like these which make more sense to participants than abstract categories such as class and gender. Communities of practice develop around the activities which group members engage in together, and their shared objectives and attitudes. Communities of practice and the construction of social identity

14. For example At school, Jo constructs her burnout identity, using particular vocabulary (e.g. poins) and innovative variants of vowels in the pronunciation of words like fun and line.

15. The end