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Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions

This comprehensive overview explores the three critical systems that regulate body functions: the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Delve into the roles and structures of neurons, the function of hormones, and the immune response to pathogens. Learn about key concepts such as homeostasis, the “master gland,” and how the body responds to stress and illness. This guide aims to provide clarity on how these systems work together to maintain balance and health in vertebrates, highlighting their integral functions in daily life.

kailani-james
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Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions

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  1. Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions

  2. Nervous System What is the function of the nervous system?

  3. Overview of a vertebrate nervous system

  4. Structure of a vertebrate neuron What are the functions of: dendrites, axons, synapses?

  5. The main parts of the human brain Homeostasis Thinking, memory, learning “Master Gland” Balance, Movement Heart rate & Breathing

  6. Create a flow map to explain the series of events that happen from when you hear a loud noise to when you turn your head. Receptors in ear receive sound information REVIEW

  7. Hormones & The Endocrine System What is the function of the endocrine system?

  8. Definitions • Hormones • Chemical messages • Regulate activity of other cells • Help maintain homeostasis • Endocrine glands • Secrete hormones

  9. Endocrine System

  10. Types of Hormones • Protein hormones • Polar • Can they go through the cell membrane? • Steroid hormones • Made from cholesterol • Can they go through the cell membrane?

  11. Hormones are Chemical Signals How does a protein hormone regulate a cell? How does a steroid hormone regulate a cell?

  12. Selected Hormones & Glands

  13. How can hormones maintain homeostasis? Negative Feedback

  14. Time for a yoga class? Adrenal Glands & Stress • “Fight or Flight” – Immediate Stress • Epinephrine & Norepinephrine – hormones • Prepare body for emergency action • Increase heart rate • Increase blood glucose level • Long-term Stress • Cortisol & Aldosterone – hormones • Makes more energy available to body • Suppresses immune system • Increases blood pressure

  15. Review Create a Thinking Map of your choice to summarize what hormones do and how they work.

  16. Immune System What is the function of the immune system?

  17. Blocking germs from getting inside in the first place Skin Mucous membranes Low pH in stomach First Line of Defense

  18. Second Line of Defense • Attacks invaders when they get in • Not specific – kills all cells that aren’t supposed to be there Phagocytotic WBC Fever Inflammation

  19. Third Line of Defense • Specific – attacks a specific invader (antigen) • Examples – cold, flu, measels • Antigens – cause a specific immune response • Made up of white blood cells (lymphocytes) • B cells • T cells

  20. Helper T-Cells • A macrophage (phagocytotic WBC) eats an invader • It wears surface proteins of the bacteria • The Helper T-Cell that can fight this infection recognizes the surface protein • The Helper T-Cell organizes B Cells and Cytotoxic T-Cells • ** Helper T-Cells are Coordinators **

  21. Cytotoxic T-Cells Kill infected cells by causing them to lyse (pop open)

  22. B Cells Make antibodies; Antibodies prevent invader from infecting new cells Lock and key fit (Invader)

  23. Memory & Immunity Antibodies and Memory Cells “remember” an infection so you only get sick once.

  24. HIV attacks Helper T-Cells Very low Helper T Cell Can’t fight infections

  25. Cause immunity without sickness Cause specific immune response; build up of antibodies Examples Killed microbes Parts of microbes Weakened microbes Vaccines

  26. Review Think of an analogy to compare and contrast the non-specific and specific immune responses. Create a Thinking Map to summarize the function of the Immune System.

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