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STEP and its applications in manufacturing

STEP and its applications in manufacturing. 공장자동화연구실 장양자 2000/02/10. Contents. STEP ( ST andard for E xchange of P roduct model data) Feature Extraction Design For Manufacturing (DFM) CAPP STEP-NC Manufacturing Information Models A Scheduling System Using STEP Enabling Technology

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STEP and its applications in manufacturing

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  1. STEP and its applications in manufacturing 공장자동화연구실 장양자 2000/02/10

  2. Contents • STEP (STandard for Exchange of Product model data) • Feature Extraction • Design For Manufacturing (DFM) • CAPP • STEP-NC • Manufacturing Information Models • A Scheduling System Using STEP Enabling Technology • Conclusion

  3. STEP • Standard for exchanging and sharing product data • Uniform product data representation in the product life cycle • Complete product description in a neutral format to be exchanged • Its modeling language, EXPRESS & EXPRESS-G

  4. STEP Parts

  5. Application Protocol (APs)

  6. Application Protocol (AP) Development Phases

  7. ECM STEP and Research Areas Feature Extraction CAD CAPP CAM MPCS DFM DFA STEP -NC Product Data in STEP

  8. Feature Extraction • Trends • Geometry as design information • Form feature as manufacturing information • The integration key to the CAD/CAPP/CAM, feature • Form features • Assembly features • Material features • Tolerance features • Functional features • Feature-based design • Feature recognition • Recognize machining features from low level geometric entities of product design to facilitate process planning and manufacturing activities

  9. Feature Extraction Process [3] M. P. Bhandarkar et. al. Computers in Industry 41 (2000)

  10. Design For Manufacture (DFM) • Consider manufacturing early in the design process to improve quality, reduce cost and decrease time-to-market • Evaluate the manufacturability of the product design based on manufacturing process knowledge • Require both product and process models • To enable collaborative multi-enterprise DFM, standard information models of manufacturing process capabilities must be made available

  11. Manufacturing Information Model • IMPPACT by ESPRIT project, 1991 • Factory Model: Model for the facilities such as machine tools, fixtures, robots • Process Model: processes, operations • Manufacturing Resource Model by Kimura, 1991 • Machine tools, jigs, fixtures, control devices, communication equipment, materials, buildings and human resources • ISO/TC184/SC4/WG8, 1992 • Generic and implementation-oriented standards that enable enterprises to document resources and entire manufacturing processes, Resource Usage Management • Model Oriented Simulations Engineering System (MOSES) • Manufacturing model

  12. Task clarification Material and process selection Conceptual Design High-level Process planning Embodiment Design Manufacturing process Capability evaluation Product/process Specific evaluation Detailed Design Manufacturing Information Model for DFM STEP Product Models Manufacturing Information Models Design process Manufacturing tasks Generic Facility Process Station [2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)

  13. Schema of Manufacturing Model Manufacturing firm Manufacturing process specification Dynamically Described by Enabled by Characterized by Physical manufacturing process model Manufacturing resource Manufacturing process capabilities [2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)c

  14. EXPRESS-G of the Factory Level [2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)

  15. [9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems STEP and SFC • Functions of a shop floor control

  16. [9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Process Plan Representation • Recursive structure of ISO process plan representation model

  17. [9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Process Plan Representation Form feature graph STEP file

  18. [9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Form Feature Based On-line Planning

  19. [9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems On-line Process Planning

  20. ( ) Data format for positioning, line motion and contouring control systems STEP-NC Seminar 2000 ISO6983 • 제어기 하드웨어 구조에 의존함, 사용자를 배제한 폐쇄적인 구조 • 이기종 제어기 간에 파트 프로그램의 교환이 어려움 • 공정 계획 파트와 인터페이스 능력 부재 • 고속 및 다축가공에 부적합

  21. milling turning grinding EDM etc. CAM PDM ISO14649 STEP Product Database(s) CAD CNC MRP CAE ERP STEP-NC Seminar 2000 STEP과 ISO14649 • ISO6983의 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 새로운 인터페이스 표준 제정(ISOTC184SC1) • 현재 CD version ( DIS  확정) • 밀링, 윤곽가공, 선반, 연마, 와이어방전가공, 방전가공기, RP

  22. CD/DIS, March, 1999 STEP-NC Seminar 2000 ISO14649 • STEP의 정보 교환방식을 수용, 확장된 제어문 정의 • 이를 채용한 NC 제어기의 구조나 기능이 제시되지 않은 상태에서 ICS (Information Contents & Semantics)에 치중: • CAD 정보를 변환 없이 사용 가능 • 파트프로그램의 용이한 수정 가능 • 구조적이고 계층적인 인터페이스 문법 보유 • 공정계획 파트로의 정보 전달 가능

  23. optional attribute attribute 지정 simple type symbol 상속관계 entity type symbol A B A가 B를 소유 STEP-NC Seminar 2000 ISO14649 ICS의 구성 • 가공절차 기술 • 정보 파일의 구성 • 가공피쳐 (Workingsteps)순서 • 가공방법 기술 • 가공피쳐 (Workingsteps)정의 • 가공방법, 가공조건 지정 • 공구경로 지정 (옵션) • 공구정보 기술 • 공구 형상/특성 • 형상정보 기술 • 가공피쳐의 형상 정보

  24. STEP-NC Seminar 2000 ISO14649 인터페이스 시나리오 • 인터페이스 코드 프로그래밍 • 파트 형상정보의 추가 • 공정계획 정보의 추가 • STEP을 통한 정보 호환 • Conventional control • G-code 변환 및 가공 실행 • New control • 공구경로 해석 및 실행 • New intelligent control • 자동 공구경로 생성 및 수정 • 자동 공구 선정 • 자동 절삭조건 제공 • 자동 공구 접근 및 빠짐 경로 생성 • 자동 가공영역 계산 • 이상 상태 감지 및 복구 • 가공 상태 및 결과 피드백

  25. STEP-NC Seminar 2000 Interface of Intelligent STEP-NC

  26. 32 32 64 80 STEP-NC Seminar 2000 ISO 14649 - NC Program 개요 (Part 1) Project file • Object-oriented 개념을 도입 • Main program file • Technology description • Geometry description PROG = "c:\demo\NcFile.prg" plan = "c:\demo\Examp1.dat" geo = "c:\demo\Examp1.stp" reference reference Main program file Technology description Geometry description … If( var1 > 0 ) var2 = “string”; else flag = TRUE; … exec plan.drilling_hole1; … … drilling_hole1 = spot_drilling_manuf_data( its_id = 'drilling_hole1', its_secplane = plane1 its_feature = hole1, its_tool = drill_12mm, its_technology = techno_drill2, its_machine_functions = mach_fkt_1, retract_plane = plane2); … DATA;  … #71 = POLYLINE((#21,#25)); #81 = CONTOUR((#70,#71,#72,#73)); #301 = LENGTH_MEASURE(12.000); …  ENDSEC; END-ISO-10303-21;

  27. STEP-NC Seminar 2000 Feature graph • 피쳐 단위의 가공공정의 흐름 표현 • 순차, AND, OR 관계의 표현 • FBCC 내부의 공정계획 표현 An example shape Feature graph

  28. STEP-NC Seminar 2000 기술에 따른 공정변화 • 적용 전 • 적용 후

  29. STEP-NC Seminar 2000 STEP-NC Summary • STEP-NC: ISO14649 부문 • CAD/CAPP/CAM과 다양한 CNC application을 대상 • CAD/CAM 도메인과 CNC를 연결시킴으로서 상위 정보와 shop floor 정보의 information highway 개통 의의 • IMS Project의 일환으로 Aachen 대학을 중심으로 현재는 문법의 제정 단계 • 수년내에 ISO14649는 새로운 CNC 표준언어로 확정 확실시 • STEP-NC: 제어기 부문 • ISO14649 정보를 활용하면 다양한 지적기능을 보유하는 자율제어 시스템 구축가능 • 개방형 제어구조가 권역별로 제시되고 구현되고 있는 단계 • ISO14649 정보에 기반한 지적제어기는 아직 미답의 연구과제 • 파급효과 및 대응 (국제적인 기술경쟁력 확보) • CAD/CAM 시스템에의 ISO14649 포용 필요 • CNC 제어기의 ISO14649 판독 능력 필요 • ISO14649에 기반한 지적제어기의 구현에 관한 연구 필요 • 적극적인 International Interface 필요 • 방대한 연구: 산학연의 연구 개발과 국가적인 정책 배려 필요

  30. Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology Overview of the scheduling process WIP Report Schedule Report Production System Status Orders Forecast Capacity Production Planning Setup Data Calculate Daily Scheduling Quantity Arrange Orders In Sequence of Due Date Calculate Actual Released Quantity Pre-schedule Orders Schedule Releasing Orders Released Orders Unreleased Orders Machine Setup Advice Worker Need Advice Revised Due Date [1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997

  31. Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology Product Data Model [1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997

  32. Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology Resource Data Model [1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997

  33. Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology Input Data Model [1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997

  34. Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology Implementation • Knowledge acquisition of the IC packaging scheduling in IDEF0 • Establishment of the scheduling information model in EXPRESS information modeling language • Generation of the class library using express2c++ tool • Creation of the instances of the resource and order models within a ROSE++ application program -> ROSE database <-> STEP file • Use step2os translator of ST-ObjectStore to load data from STEP file into an ObjectStore database • Development of the Computer-Aided Scheduling System ST-Developer [1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997

  35. Conclusion • Insufficient researches in STEP and manufacturing • Manufacturing model for assembly parts, eg. BOM • Data modeling and sharing technology for partners that is customers, the suppliers and the sub-contractors • Connection between SFC and part status • On-line planning and scheduling based on part and shop floor status • Considering future trends • Intelligent machine appears • Mobile database appears

  36. References [1] Thu-Hua Liu, Amy J. C. Trappey and Fu-Wei Chan, A Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology, IEEE Trans. On Component, Packaging, … - Part C, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1997 [2] Ronald E. Giachetti, A Standard manufacturing informatio model to support design for manufacturing in virtual enterprises, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 10, 49-60, 1999 [3] Mangesh P. Bhandarkar, Raksh Nagi, STEP-based feature extraction from STEP geometry for Agile Manufacturing, Computers in Industry, 41, 3-24, 2000 [4] Ting-Kuo Peng, Amy J. C. Trappey, A step toward STEP-compatible engineering data management: the data models of product structure and engineering changes, Robotics and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, 14, 89-109, 1998

  37. References [5] F. Chaxel, E. Bajic and J. Richard, Mobile Database Nodes for Manufacturing Information Management: a STEP Based Approach, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 13, 125-133, 1997 [6] P Gu and Kam Chan, Product modeling using STEP, Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 27, No. 3, 163-179, 1995 [7] Tea Y. Park, Kwan H. Han and Byoung K. Choi, An objcet-oriented modeling framework for automated manufacturing system, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 10, No. 5, 324-334, 1997 [8] X. F. Zha, S. Y. E. Lim and S. C. Fok, Integrated Intelligent Design and Assembly Planning: A Survey, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 14, 661-685, 1998 [9] Sanjay B. Joshi and Jeffrey S. Smith, Computer control of flexible manufacturing systems: Research and development, 1994, Chapman & Hall

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