- ADHD

1. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? (ADHD) ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????-???

2. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? (ADHD) ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? (??????) ??????-???

3. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-???  (ADHD) ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??-??? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????

4. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? (ADHD) ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????-????

5. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????-???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????

6. ?????, ?? 5 ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? 2 ???, ??? ?”???? ??? ???” ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????-????????? ??-????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????

7. ?????, ?? 5 ??????: ? ??????: ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????: ????? ??? ????? ?’ ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?', ????? ?? ADHD ?????? ???????

8. ????, ?? 3 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????-?????????: ?????

9. ????, ?? 3 ????? ?????-?????????? IQ : ????? ?????? ?????? ???-?????? ???????: ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ??????

10. ????, ?? 3 ?????: ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??”? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????: ?

11. ????, ?? 4 ???????? ??????: ????? ???? 3: ?????? ???? ????? ?????-?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????

12. ????, ?? 4 ???? ??????: ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???, ???? ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????-??????????: IQ ??? ??????, ???? ???, ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??????

13. ???? ?? 4 ?????: ADHD ?????: ????? ?????? ??????* ???? ??? ?????? 10 ?????? ????? ????: ????? ?????? (??????) *????? ?? ADHD ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? Sanuga-Barke, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:696, 2002

14. ????, ?? 6 ???????? ??????: ????? ???? 3: ????-??????, ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????-?????????: ????? ????? ?????-??????????: IQ ????, ????? ????, ?? ????? ????, ??????? ????-?????, ??????? ????-???????? ?????? TOVA: -3.34

15.  Test of Variables of Attention T.O.V.A.

16. ????, ?? 6 ????? ????? ??????: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 6 ?????? ??????? ???? ?????: ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????: ????! ?????: ADHD

17. ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ADHD ????? ?????? ??? ? ??????: 126 ????? ???? 6-4 ?’ ?? ADHD ?”? DSM-IV 126 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????: ??????????? ? - ADHD ?????? ???? ?? ????? Lahey et al, 1998

18. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? 5 ???? ????? ??? 3-4 ???? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? 5 ???? ????? ????: ADHD, ???? ?????-????-ODD, ?/?? ????? ???????-CD ? - %48 (????? % 16 ?????? ??????? ) Cambell et al, 1996

19. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? 11 ???? 87 ????? ??????? (?? IQ ?- SES ??????) ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????: ????? ???? ???? ??????? DSM-IV Lerner et al, 1985

20. ???? ??? ???: ?????? ?????????? ?-ADHD ??? ?????? ??????: 26% ???? ????? ?????-ODD: 62% ?????: 77% ???? ?????? ?????? ?-ADHD: 1.4 ??? (?????) ????? ??????: 2.2±1.3 ???? Wilens et al, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:3, 2002

21. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?’ N=174 ????? ??? ?????? N= 70 (40%) ????? ??? ??????? 14 =N (8%) ????? ?????: ???? ??????, ????, ??????? ?????? ?????: ?????, ?????? ???????, IQ ????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? Palfrey, 1985

22. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? 2.4%-4.0 ????:???? 6:1 ???? 8% ????:???? 9:1

23. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? 30 ???-????? ????? 835 ????? 28 ????? ?? ADHD ???????: 3% ????:???? 2.5:1 ????? MA: ?. ???? ???' ? ?????

24. ????? ?????? ? ADHD ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? + ????? ??????? = ADHD

25. ?????-???????? ?? ADHD ?????? ????? (??????????) ????: Frontal-Striatal ????? ?????? ????-??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????????-???????: Alpha-2a-adrenoceptors Dopaminergic D1 receptors Amsten, J Pediatr 154;I-S43, 2009

26. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????

27. ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ADHD? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? Alpha-2a-adrenoceptors Dopaminergic D1 receptors

28. ??????? PET ? SPECT ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ?? ADHD Ernst et al, Am J Psychiatry 1999 Jucaite et al, Biol Psychiatry 2005

29. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???/??-?????: ???? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????: ?????? ?- X ????? ????”? ?????? (?????????) ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????

30. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??: ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? Bijur et al, 1990

31. ???? ??? ?????? ????: ADHD ??? ??? ???? ? - 20% ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????: ADHD ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? (??? ?????) ????, ?????? ??? ???? Gerring, 1998

32. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???”? ?? ??? ???, ??????? ??????: 42 ????? ?? ????? ??? 42 ????? ?????? (????? ??????) ??????: ADHD ???? ? – 26% ??????? ?? ????? ??? (????? 6% ?????? ???????) Manor et al, 2001

33. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ADHD ?????? ????: ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????…. ?????????????: ????!

34. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ADHD ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?”? ?????? ?????? Kaplan et al, 1988 ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??”? Tirosh et al, 1993

35. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??-?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????

36. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????-????????? ?????? ???????: ????? ?”? ????? Conners)) Childhood Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) ????? ?????-?????????? (TOVA) Continuous Performance Tasks

37. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????-???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????

38. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????

39. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????: 303 ????? ???? 3-5.5 ???? ?????: ?????? 3 ????? ???? (2.5-7.5 ?? ????) ??????: ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?-ADHD ????? ????? Greenhill et al, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006

40. ????? ?????? ?-ADHD ?????? ??? 5 ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????-??????????? ?- 144 ????? ?????? 3-6 ???? ???”?, ????? ????? ??????: ???? ??-??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????-???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? Reviewed by Spencer, Biederman, Wilens, 1997

41. ????? ?????? ?????? ?-ADHD ?????? ???: ???? ?????? 233 ????? ???????: ???? ????: N=10 ??? ?? ??????: N=50 ?????? ?? ????: N=173 ????? ?????: 15 ???? Rappley et al, 1999

42. ????? ?????? ?????? ?-ADHD ?????? ???: ???? ?????? ??????: 27% ???? ????? ????????? 57% ???? ????? ??????: 22 ?????? ????? 60 ????? ???? 2-3 ?????? 58 ????? 2-6 ?????? ?????? ?????????: ??????? ??????? ????? Rappley et al, 1999

43. ????? ?-ADHD ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ADHD ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? 1967-2007 ??????: ?????? ??????: ?????? (?????????) ?????? ???? ?????: ????? ?????, ????? ????, ?????? Ghuman et al, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:413, 2008

44. ADHD ???? ???: ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ? - ADHD ?????? ?? ADHD ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??-?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????

45. ????? ??? ?????? ???????-??? (ADHD) ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? “??????? ???” ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? Alessandri et al, 1992; Lorch et al, 1999

46. ADHD ??????? ?? ????? ??????

47. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????

48. ??????? ????? ????: MRI

49. ??????? ????? ????: MRILazar et al, Neuroreport 17:1893-7 2005 20 ??????? ?????? ???????? (9 ????; 6????/????) ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????-??????? ????? (p=1.8x10-5) ????? ????????? ????? (p=1.2X10-5) ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (?? ????) ????? ??????? (p=.001), ??? ?? ?????? ??????? (p=.83)

51. ????? ????, ?' ???? ?? ????... ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????: ???? ?? ?????? ?"? ????????: ??? ?????? ????? ?????: 6 ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????-??? ????? ???????: 6 ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????

52. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?"?, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?: ????? ???? ????-???????? ?????-?????? ?????-??????? ????? ???? ?????????

53. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ???????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? - ?????? ??????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? Azari et al, Eur J Neuroscience, 13:1649-52, 2001

54. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????

55. ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ADHD? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????

56. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ADHD: ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??-??? ?????? (????-????????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????

57. ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 261 ??????? ?????? ?'-?' ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? 53 ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ADHD

58. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ADHD p ????? 2.84 2.45 0.005 ?????? ??? 1.11 1.55 0.005 ??????? 2.81 2.37 0.005

59. ????? ?? ?? ??????? "????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????" ????"?