Biology – The living Environment

1. Biology – The living Environment Mr. McCalla “Mack” Rm - 230

2. Class Rules • If your not in your seat by the second bell, you’re late…..! • All assignments must be handed in on time. Late submissions will NOT be accepted. • When I speak……YOUR MOUTH STOPS WORKING……..! • Expect nightly homework, a weekly quiz on Wednesdays and exams on Fridays.

3. What do I need for this class? Out side of the usual supplies (pens, paper),you are required to have the following: • 3-ringed binder. • 2-3 folders for the 3-ringed binder. • A spiraled notebook with 3-ringed holes for the binder. *You will be graded on the contents of your binder so always make sure it is in order with notes, handouts, returned papers, quizzes and exams*

5. The Characteristics of Life • Living things are organized structures. All are made of one or more cells. • Cells: the basic units of structure and function. • Living things use energy to maintain life and to grow and develop. These activities require that the cells carry out various chemical reactions. • The combination of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism is called metabolism.

10. The Characteristics of Life • Living things must maintain a fairly stable internal environment even when their external environment changes. • The maintenance of their internal environment is called homeostasis. • To maintain homeostasis, organisms must respond and adapt to both their internal and external environments. • Living things pass hereditary information to new organisms of the same type in the process or reproduction.

11. The Characteristics of Life • Only living things share the characteristics of life. • Nonliving things have no functioning cells and no metabolic activity. • Nonliving things do not maintain homeostasis, nor do they reproduce.

12. Diversity Among Living Things • Although living things share the characteristics of life, there are differences among the many kinds of organisms.

14. Similarities Among Living Things • Although living things have many differences, they are also alike in many ways. • Made of cells. • Reproduce. • Maintainhomeostasis. • Carry out metabolic activities. • Share similar life processes, chemical composition, and organization.

15. Life Processes • Living things are similar in that they rely on a variety of specific processes to maintain life. • Organisms may differ in the way they carry out these processes.

16. Life Processes What Living Organisms Share • Obtain nutrients from the environment and breaking them down for transport. • Transporting materials throughout the organism. • Cell Respiration: the breaking down of nutrients into smaller units to release their chemical energy stored in them. • Synthesis: the combining of simple substances into complex substances.

17. Life Processes What Living Organisms Share • Growth: the increasing in size and number of cells. • Excretion: the removal of waste products from the organism . • Responds to internal and external stimuli. • Reproduction: reproduces more of their own species.

18. Chemical Composition What Living Organisms Share • All living things are made of four main elements: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • These elements combine to form molecules.

19. Organic Molecules • Contain both carbon and hydrogen. • DNA, proteins, fats, carbohydrates are organic molecules.

20. Inorganic Molecules • Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen but can contain any other combination of elements. • Inorganic molecules include: salts, minerals, most acids and bases, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water.

21. Crack Cocaine

22. Heroine

23. Crystal Meth

24. Marijuana – THC

25. Cells – Structure of Life • Many of the world’s organism are made of only one cell, but all organisms-no matter simple or complex-are made of cells. • Each cell contains a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm which is surrounded by a membrane. • Most cells also contain organelles: they perform a specific task in the cell.

28. What do organelles do…..? • Transport material • Extract energy from nutrients • Build proteins • Dispose of waste • Store information

30. Nucleus • The nucleus is a large structure that controls the cell’s metabolism and stores information (DNA in chromosomes).

33. Vacuoles • The storage sacs within the cytoplasm. • They contain either waste or useful materials such as food or water. • Vacuoles in plants cells are usually larger than animal cells.

36. Ribosomes • Tiny structures that build proteins. • Some are attached to the membrane of a cell and some float freely.

38. Mitochondria • Pod shaped structures that contain specialized proteins called enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients. • Known as the powerhouse of the cell

40. Chloroplast • The green structures found in plants that contain chlorophyll and captures light which is used to make food for the plant. • Animal Cells do not have chloroplast.

42. View Video • Click Here • Click Here

43. Cell Membrane • cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

45. Centrosome • centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome.

46. Centrioles • A centriole is one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. • Not present in plant cells. • Involved with cell division.

48. Golgi Body • Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.

50. Lysosomes • Lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes.This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.