2012 World Geography PHS Starr Tutoring

1. 2012 World Geography PHS Starr Tutoring

2. Based on the information presented in the population pyramid above, it is reasonable to conclude that by the year 2030, changes in Germany’s dependency ratio will produce the greatest need for which of the following? (7A) A constructing schools for the education of young children B building leisure and recreational facilities for adolescents C expanding employment opportunities for young adults D providing health care and other social services for older citizens

3. Which factor explains the change in land area along the coast of the Netherlands? (8A) A Soil deposited by ocean currents B Building of terraces C Lava from undersea volcanoes D Construction of polders

4. According to the map shown above, the relative location of Little Rock, Arkansas, can best be described as: (22C) A 34.5° N longitude and 97.5° W latitude. B in the middle of the state. C approximately .5° south of 35° N latitude and 2.5° west of 90° W longitude. D south of the Ozark Plateau and east of the Ouachita Mountains.

5. 4. What is the best explanation for the change in world population shown on the graph between 1950 and 2000? (7C) A Family planning services became more widespread. B There were several major wars in Asia and Africa. C Improvements in medicine and agriculture were accompanied by rising birth rates in less developed nations. D A dramatic increase in the number of famines and natural disasters occurred in the last half of the twentieth century.

6. 5. The population pyramid above most likely represents – (7A) A A developed country. B A newly industrialized country. C A less developed country. D A country with a high literacy rate.

7. 6. Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the table above? A Goods and services are most expensive in traditional economies. B Countries with market economies have a higher standard of living. C Smaller and less-developed countries tend to encourage free enterprise. D Individual purchasing power is greatest in command economies.

8. 7. Biomes are groups of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.What biome is this map showing? • Tropical rainforests • Deserts • Grasslands • Boreal forests

9. 8. Based on the diagram above, in which location is it winter? • The southern hemisphere • The northern hemisphere • The eastern hemisphere • The western hemisphere

11. 10. Which describes the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere? A equal length of day and night B mid-day sun is directly overhead at its farthest point north C mid-day sun is directly overhead at its farthest point south D occurs twice per year

12. 11. In 2011, a tsunami (tidal wave) suddenly hit Japan with deadly force. Which of the following physical processes contributed to this occurrence? • climate change • ocean currents • tectonic forces • gravity

13. 12. Which of the following typically occurs in the biosphere? A Continuous circulation of hot and cold oceanic currents B Regulation of the rate at which thermal energy leaves the planet C The interaction of plants and animals within specific climate regions D The recycling of the continental crust in subduction zones

14. 13. Which climactic region is described by the below features? • Traditionally small human populations • Many human parasites and disease-carrying insects • Limited agriculture • Semi-arid • Arid • Steppe • Tropical

16. Demographic Data and Estimates for the Countries of Central America Source: Population Reference Bureau 2008 15.Based on the statistics given in the chart which country in Central America appears to have the highest standard of living? • Belize • Honduras • Costa Rica • Mexico

18. 17. What does the graph above predict about world population? • India's population will triple between 1996 and 2025. • Africa's population will decrease by 2025. • Europe's population will remain relatively stable between 1996 and 2025. • China's population will double before 2025.

19. Use the photo and your knowledge of geography to answer the following question. 18. WG 18D - This courtyard is in a building in Spain. The style of architecture shows cultural diffusion has taken place from which group of people. A. Portuguese B. Arabs C. French D. Italian

20. People are mainly of Middle Eastern origin. • Islam is the dominant religion. • Most people speak Arabic. 19. WG 9A - To which cultural region do all of these statements most likely apply today? • Northern Africa • Sub-Sahara Africa • Southern Europe • Western Europe

21. 20. WG7D - How has globalization increased the opportunity for diffusion of disease? • Flu viruses are constantly changing. • Physical barriers help to separate people in different regions. • Pandemics would have effects on the economy and daily life. • People are more connected due to increased travel and increased international trade.

22. 21. WG 16C - What is the relationship between preventing cultural identity to Europe and laws passed to prohibit the hijab? • Perceptions of differing cultural characteristics can cause conflicts in a modern society. • European countries are justified in prohibiting Islamic dress in order to maintain their way of life. • The Islamic religion prohibits women from wearing the hijab in public places. • Immigration of Muslims to Europe has increased in recent years due to laws in place to protect their religion.

23. 22. WG 1B - While the internet has been deemed the “information highway”, many authoritative governments such as theocracies have limited its utilization. Which of the following scenarios best explains this restriction? • Inaccurate information is found on the Internet and may misinform citizens. • Many countries lack the technology to have equitable Internet coverage. • The Internet promotes westernized ideas and could therefore lessen the cultural identity of the local population • Many citizens in developing countries lack the literacy skills necessary to navigate the Internet effectively.

24. . ”The Mongols made no technological breakthroughs, founded no new religions, wrote few books, and gave the world no new crops or methods of agriculture. Their own craftsmen could not weave cloth, cast metal, make pottery, or bake bread. They manufactured no porcelain or pottery, painted no pictures, and built no buildings. Yet, as their army conquered culture after culture, they collected and passed all of these skills from one civilization to the next . . .” Jack Weatherford “ “ • Use the quote below and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question • 23. What conclusions can be drawn from this paragraph about the Mongols? • A The Mongols rejected technology. • B The Mongols were urbanized. • C The Mongols were a peaceful people. • D The Mongols contributed to cultural diffusion

25. 24. Which of the following states one inference one can form based on the population and data trends in the Americas during the Spanish colonial period? • There was a large increase in European immigration in 1620. • The shift in Native populations between 1800 and 1810 was due to relocation. • Native populations in the Americas in the 16th century grew due to better nutrition. • Disease caused Native populations to decline prior 1660.

26. 25. The map illustrates the origin and spread of which major religion? • Buddhism • Christianity • Hinduism • Islam

27. 26. Each of the above photos shows a different level of development and economic activities. Match the picture with its description. 1. This photo is showing quaternary activities. 2. This photo is showing secondary activities. 3. This photo is showing primary activities. 4. This photo is showing tertiary activities.

28. On a daily basis, 250,000 people are added to earth’s population. Most are born into nations in the developing world. Tragically, that means that one person in five lives in absolute poverty. One of the results of such deprivation is that almost one billion people in today’s world can neither read nor write, and the numbers are growing. As a result, they are forced to live in subsistence economies. 27. Based on the information in the above paragraph, what is a characteristic of the developing world? A. low birthrates B. stable infant mortality rates C. low rates of literacy D. stable political conditions

29. 28. Industrialization transformed agriculture and the impact of that change affected areas beyond the large industrialized nations…tractors, harvesters and mechanical plows replaced oxen and humans in the 19th century…but only in the 20th century did mechanized agriculture become important globally. Temperate zone agriculture benefited most with increased production of wheat and other grain crops. Tropical areas were less affected by mechanization where crops like sugar cane, bananas, and coffee beans continued to be picked or harvested by hand…Overall the trend toward industrialized agriculture reduced the need for human work in the countryside and forced migrations to urban areas. The use of expensive machines caused family and subsistence farms to be less competitive and led to lessening of an economically important agricultural workforce… Source: Paul Adams, et.al., Experiencing World History, New York University Press (adapted) Based on the reading, which statement best summarizes changes in economic activities affected by mechanization of agriculture in the 20th century? • Increased industrialization and mechanization of agriculture led to the migration of former farm workers and reduced the number of family farms. • Mechanized agriculture mostly affected large, industrialized countries and had less effect in areas with temperate zone agriculture. • The use of expensive farm machinery increased the need for farm workers and created larger and larger family farms. • Areas with tropical climates were the first to mechanize agriculture and that led to increased migrations of farm workers to urban areas in these regions.

30. 29. Both cottage and commercial industries allow people to organize the production of goods and services to satisfy basic needs and wants. However, cottage industries are significantly different than commercial industries in terms of – • the scale of production • the price of goods produced • the quality of gods produced • the cost of labor

31. 30.Which of these would most likely be found in an economy organized around subsistence agriculture? • a large national debt resulting from government-sponsored welfare programs • a rapidly growing gross domestic product • a large percentage of the population engaged in farming • an increasing dependence on industrial production

32. 31. A nation allows for a high degree of individual rights, intellectual innovation, and personal economic advancement. Which of the following would most likely be found in the same nation? • A limited government with a high degree of political representation. • A low standard of living along with a low life expectancy • A theocratic government based on strict gender segregation • A command economy built upon subsistence agriculture

33. Which of the following would most likely be found in a traditional, subsistence-based economy? • Parliamentary democracy • complex infrastructure and a large transportation network • an emphasis on family and religious culture • equality between men and women based on Constitutionally-protected freedoms

34. 33. Which of the families described above is engaged in subsistence agriculture? • Family A • Family B • Family C • Family D

35. 34. Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the table above? • Goods and services are most expensive in traditional economies. • Countries with market economies have a higher standard of living. • Smaller and less-developed countries tend to encourage free enterprise. • Individual purchasing power is greatest in command economies.