Ch. 10: The First Global Age, 1400-1800

1. Ch. 10: The First Global Age, 1400-1800 Mr. Chavez World History Fall 2014

2. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe • As the world expanded, the power of states and empires also grew • Between the 16th and 18th centuries, many monarchs (kings) centralized power and authority • This form of rule was known as absolutism • Absolute monarchs claimed that their right to rule came from God • This notion of God-given authority was known as divine right

3. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe • European monarchs backed up their rule with military force • They wanted to secure their borders and expand their area of control • They used modernized weaponry based on gunpowder technology from China • They developed canons for land and sea • Developed new methods to fortify artillery attacks • Monarchs paid for their new military power by raising taxes and bank loans Gunpowder Revolution!

4. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires • Gunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern Europe and Asia • Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer territory and build large empires • The Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful empires • They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery • Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support their empire • Their complex system of managing their government was also known as a ________________ BUREAUCRACY

5. The Ottoman Empire

6. Majority of Turkish people are Muslim. Can you guess which branch of Islam? Modern Day Turkey Sunni

7. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires • To the north, Russia also built a powerful state empire

8. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires • In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and collapsed in 1722 • Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong centralized state and promoted art and architecture • This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire: ________________. • The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and India • Lasted from 1526 to 1707 • Also had a strong central government • Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices Shi’a

9. The Safavid and Mughal Empires

10. 10.3: The Growth of State Power-Emerging European Dominance • Despite their success, most of the gunpowder empires declined by the late 1700s • Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal • In contrast, Europe was getting stronger • 1 major factor: Commercial Revolution • Rapid expansion of business • Fueled by overseas trade and colonization • Gave rise to early forms of capitalism • European states became extremely wealthy as a result • Increased their military and political power • Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors helped Europe rise to power once more

11. Europe’s Rise to Power!

12. Now It’s Your Turn! • Answer the following questions in complete sentences. • Title it Now It’s Your Turn • Write your responses on the back of your notes • 1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their power. • 2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe powerful?

13. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas • By establishing American colonies, western European countries… • Built new empires • Created new networks of exchange • New colonies had both positive and negative effects on the rest of the world • Spain and Portugal established first American colonies • Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s • Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s • _________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires • Brought millions of Indians under their control Conquistadors

14. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas • Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely based on race • White colonists made up the top social class • They enjoyed the most power and privileges • Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of Europeans and Indian • At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans Mestizos

15. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas • The Catholic Church also played an important role in colonial society • The spread of Catholic beliefs was a prime motive of the Spanish conquest

16. Spanish and Portuguese Empires

17. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies of Silver • Silver mining became the main economic activity in the Spanish colonies • Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines • Silver had an enormous impact on the world economy • Made into coins and increased world money supply • Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused by an increase in money supply • The plantation system: • Spanish crown granted colonists large estates, stripping away land from Indians • Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc.. inflation

18. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: A Continental Exchange • Exchange of goods between the Old World and the New World • This was also known as the _____________________: the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres Columbian Exchange • The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects • Worst of all, Old World diseases spread rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian populations

19. The Columbian Exchange

20. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery • Old World diseases killed at least 50% of the native population • Amounted to tens of millions of people • This event is called the ________________. • The spread of disease made the European conquest of the Americas much easier • Less Indians to resist European colonists • Also, less Indians to work the land • Europeans started to import African slaves as a result Great Dying

21. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery • Slavery has existed since ancient times • Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before • Major were prisoners of war • The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in the mid-1400s • By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in the practice of buying slaves as well • By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves had been shipped to the Americas • Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the Americas (approximately 2 million) • The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the middle passage

22. 10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery • The slave trade had a major impact on Africa • Slavery destroyed many African societies • It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves • It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa • The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas • Slavery supported the plantation system which was violent and brutal • Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists today

23. Slavery in the Americas

24. 10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas: Spreading Faith in the Americas • As regions became more connected, ideas and religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to place • Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform the world • Colonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE continents into the Christian world • Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to Christianity • Many/most were converted forcefully • In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with their own traditional beliefs • Catholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and Asia

25. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe Renaissance Humanism • New ideas and ways of thinking arose in Europe • Artist and thinkers of the __________________, revived classical art and culture. • They promoted ______________, a belief in the value of the individual • This new way of thinking paved the way for the ____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave birth to new Protestant religions Reformation

26. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe • The printing press was crucial to the Reformation • And to ideas in general • Printing technology invented by China in the 11th century • German metalworker, Johannes Gutenberg advanced the technology in 1450 • His printing press could print 300 pages in one day • Printing became faster and more efficient

27. 10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe Counter-Reformation • This movement sought to revive Catholicism in response to the Reformation: _________________ • The church expanded its missionary work in the new colonies • Scholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance, began to study the natural world in new ways • This new approach to learning was called ______________ • Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s • Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems • _________________________ Scientific Revolution Enlightenment