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Understanding Plant Structures and Essential Nutrients for Growth

This comprehensive guide explores the intricate components of plant biology, detailing the types of soil, specialized tissues, and essential nutrients plants require. Learn about sandy, clay, and loamy soils; discover specialized plant tissues such as meristematic, vascular, and epidermal; and understand the key nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are vital for plant development. With insights into root systems, including taproots and fibrous roots, and the differences in monocot and dicot structures, you'll gain a deeper appreciation of the complexities of plant life.

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Understanding Plant Structures and Essential Nutrients for Growth

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  1. Unit 8- Plants

  2. Soil • Complex mixture of • Sand, Silt, Clay, Organic matter • Types- • Sandy- • Clay- • Loamy-

  3. Essential Plant Nutrients (p 591) • Inorganic nutrients plants need besides water and carbon dioxide • Nitrogen- part of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, ATP, (color) • Phosphorous- DNA, ATP

  4. Essential Plant Nutrients • Calcium- cell walls and membranes • Potassium– required for stoma opening & closing • Magnesium- part of chlorophyll • Sulfur- part of proteins

  5. Specialized Plant Tissues • Meristematic Tissue- • (p 586) • Plant tissue where cells continuously divide, areas that grow • Apical meristem- • Located at the ends of stems and roots, plants grow taller, roots grow deeper

  6. Specialized Plant Tissues • Lateral Meristems- • Allow roots and stem to grow in diameter • Vascular cambium- • Produces vascular tissues, increases the thickness of stems • Cork cambium- • Forms the outer covering of the stem

  7. Specialized Plant Tissues • Epidermal- (p 584) • Outer layers of leaves, stems, & roots, protects, absorb water • Parenchyma- • Storage, make up most of the roots we eat

  8. Specialized Plant Tissues • Collenchyma- • Cells have thicker walls than Parenchyma • Support regions of a plant • Ex. Celery stalks • Sclerenchyma- • Cells have tough thick cell walls, strengthen, support the plant • Example - hemp fibers for making rope • Example - hard nut and seed shells

  9. Specialized Plant Tissues • Vascular Tissue- • Transports materials • xylem- transports water • phloem- transports food

  10. Roots • Anchor plant and absorb water and nutrients from soil • Taproot- one main primary root • Ex. carrot, radish, dandelion

  11. Roots • Fibrous roots- • Many smaller secondary roots • Ex. grass, rye • Root Hairs • Thin walled, • Increase surface area exposed to soil • Absorb water and nutrients

  12. Roots • Monocot- usually has a ring of xylem and phloem around the central cylinder (stele) (p 589) • Dicot- usually has central column of xylem in central cylinder (stele) with radiating arms (p 589)

  13. Stems • Hold leaves up for photosynthesis and transport materials to and from leaves • Monocot- vascular bundles are scattered through out the stem (p 594) • Dicot- vascular bundles form a ring around the outer edge of the stem (p 594)

  14. Woody Stems (trees) • Tree Rings • Annual rings formed from vascular tissue that grows each year • Age of tree • Weather conditions

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