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Hardware Upgrades: Risks, Compatibility, and Procedures

Learn about the risks of upgrading hardware technologies, assessing compatibility issues, and ensuring successful hardware upgrades. Explore procedures for evaluating a computer for upgrades, updating device drivers, checking system performance, and making buying decisions for hard drives and display adapters. Understand the steps for upgrading or adding external devices, assessing upgrade risks, and following hardware-handling guidelines to ensure personal safety and ESD prevention when working on hardware components. Step-by-step instructions are provided for installing memory, internal disk drives, and circuit boards.

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Hardware Upgrades: Risks, Compatibility, and Procedures

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter Seven Updating and Upgrading Hardware

  2. Strata Objectives Covered 1.6 (1.2 FC0-U11 U.K.) Identify the risks associated with upgrading the following technologies and equipment: • PC speed/storage capability • Compatibility issues • Upgrade issues • Bus differences • Hardware failure 2.1 (2.1 FC0-U21 U.K.) Identify basic compatibility issues between: • Processor performance • RAM memory • USB (1.1, 2.0) • FireWire • PS/2 2

  3. Evaluating a Computer for Upgrades • What components are fine as-is? • Which components are obsolete, failing, or weaker than the others? • What components may benefit from a new driver? • What components can’t be replaced at all?

  4. Benefits of Updating Device Drivers • Fix operational or compatibility problems with the device • Improve device performance • Add minor new features or configuration options

  5. Checking a Device Driver Version • Open Device Manager in Windows • View the device’s Properties • Click the Driver tab • Read version number • Check manufacturer’s web site for newer version

  6. Analyzing Current System Performance • Windows Experience Index • Third-party utilities • Windows: iBench • Mac: Xbench

  7. When to Upgrade • Slow screen repaint: display adapter • Slowed performance when running multiple applications: RAM • Disk full warning: hard drive

  8. Processor Upgrades • Not usually possible or economical • Motherboards accept only a narrow range of models and speeds

  9. RAM Upgrades • Check motherboard docs to get the right kind of RAM • Check for available slots

  10. RAM Upgrades • If all slots are full, some RAM must be replaced with higher-capacity RAM • On some systems, RAM slots are paired, and must have identical RAM in them

  11. Hard Disk Upgrades • Replace, or Add Another? • Notebook: usually must replace • Desktop: can replace or add • Check for internal power connectors available • SATA power (for SATA) • Molex connector (for PATA)

  12. Hard Disk Upgrades • Check types of drive connectors available • Internal: • PATA • SATA • SCSI • External: • USB • FireWire • SCSI

  13. Buying Decisions for Hard Drives • Mechanical vs. solid state • Capacity • Internal or external • Interface • Size (3.5” for desktop, 2.5” for notebook) • RPM/rotational speed

  14. Display Adapter Upgrades • Desktop PCs only; most notebooks cannot accept display adapter upgrade • Replace or add additional (for multiple monitors)

  15. Display Adapter Upgrades • Check available expansion slot types • PCIe 16x • PCIe 4x • AGP • PCI

  16. Buying Decisions for Display Adapters • Amount of memory – more is better • Memory speed – faster is better • Cooling – active or passive • Output ports – VGA, DVI • Maximum resolution – larger is better • Core clock speed – faster is better

  17. Upgrading or Adding External Devices • Port type • USB (1.1, 2.0, 3.0) • FireWire • Legacy parallel (old printers) • Legacy serial (old or specialized devices) • ExpressCard • PS/2 • 3.5mm jack

  18. Assessing Hardware Upgrade Risks • Physical compatibility • System compatibility • OS compatibility • Compatibility with existing applications • Compatibility with anticipated future applications and OSes

  19. Common Hardware Issues • USB hubs: If unpowered, can support only a few devices with adequate power • Power supply: Can become overloaded many devices installed, especially drives • System resource conflicts may occur (IRQs, DMA channels, memory addreses, I/O addreses)

  20. Personal Safety Considerations • Wear short sleeves, or roll up your sleeves to avoid tearing clothing if it gets caught • Remove jewelry to avoid getting snagged • Don’t open a power supply or a CRT because of shock from capacitors

  21. ESD Prevention Guidelines • Ground yourself • Wear an antistatic wrist strap • Use an antistatic mat

  22. ESD Prevention Guidelines • Wear natural fibers • Keep item inside antistatic bag until ready to install

  23. Other Hardware-Handling Guidelines • Disconnect power before opening the case • Handle circuit boards only by the edges • Be as gentle as possible the cables and connectors • Don’t bend or crimp a cable unnecessarily

  24. Installing Memory • Remove cover to expose slot(s) • Remove old memory if needed • Firmly press new memory into slot

  25. Installing an Internal Disk Drive Chart describing jumper settings • Set jumpers on drive if needed (PATA or SCSI only) Jumper

  26. Installing an Internal Disk Drive • Connect drive connector from motherboard • Connect power connector from power supply

  27. Installing an Internal Disk Drive • Partition and format drive • Disk Management in Windows • Third-party disk utility program

  28. Installing a Circuit Board • Remove old board if needed • Remove metal backplate behind slot if needed

  29. Installing a Circuit Board • Identify the slot to use • Remove old board if needed • Remove metal backplate behind slot if needed • Firmly press circuit board straight down into slot • Secure board with screw or other retaining method

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