Reforming the Industrial World

1. Reforming the Industrial World Chapter 9, Section 4

2. Marxism: Radical Socialism • The Communist Manifesto (1848) • Bourgeoisie and proletariat • Predicted that workers would overthrow the owners

3. The Future According to Marx • Capitalism would eventually destroy itself • Factories would drive small artisans our of business • Large proletariat would revolt and seize factories • “dictatorship of the proletariat” • Classless society (pure communism)

4. The Communist Manifesto(1848) • 1848 & 1849 – widespread revolt throughout Europe • 1900s – Marxism inspired revolutionaries • Lenin (Russia), Mao Zedong (China), Fidel Castro (Cuba)

5. How was Marx Wrong? • Religion, nationalism, ethnic loyalties and desire for democratic reform • The gap between the rich and the poor did not widen as predicted

6. Labor Unions & Reform Laws • Long hours, dirty and dangerous working conditions, and threat of being laid off • Unions were volunteer labor associations that engaged in collective bargaining for better conditions and higher pay • Strike or refuse to work if factory owners refused union demands

7. How it started… • Skilled workers led the way • In the beginning unions helped the lower middle class more than the poor • Slow to grow because governments saw unions as a threat to social order and stability • Combination Acts of 1799 & 1800 outlawed unions (parliament repealed in 1824

8. Raising wages and improved working conditions 1875 – won the right to strike and picket peacefully Built up a membership of 1 million people Early 1800s – beginning of skilled worker membership in unions 1886 – American Federation of Labor (AFL) AFL strikes = higher wages and shorter hours British and American Unions

9. Reform Laws Timeline Read pg 304 – 305 “Labor Unions and Reform Laws” and create a timeline in your notes Include: date, name of act, significance

10. The Abolition of Slavery • William Wilberforce led the fight to end slavery in the British Empire • 1807 – Parliament passes bill to end slavery in British West Indies • 1833 – completely abolished slavery in British Empire

11. Reasons to Abolish Slavery in British Empire • Reasons for ending slavery: • Morally against slavery • Slave labor was an economic threat • Cheap labor instead of slave labor

12. Slavery in the United States • Early 1800s – movement to end slavery and fulfill promise of Declaration of Independence • 1865 – Union wins the Civil war and slavery ends • 1873 – slavery ends in Puerto Rico • 1886 – Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba • 1888 – slavery ends in Brazil

13. Fight for Women’s Rights • Industrialization is a mixed blessing for women • Women factory workers made more money than women that stayed at home • Women factory workers made 1/3 as much as men

14. Reasons for Women’s Rights Reform Movements • Began as early as 1848 in the United States • 1888 - International Council for Women • Women formed trade unions where they were dominated • Women ran settlement houses – community centers that served poor residents of slum neighborhoods

15. Why might women abolitionists have headed the movement for women’s rights?

16. Reforms Spread to Many Areas of Life • Public education and the prison system ranked among the highest on the list of reforms • By 1850s many states were starting public school systems • Late 1800s most of Western Europe offered free public schooling

17. Horace Mann • “If we do not prepare children to become good citizens…if we do not enrich their minds with knowledge, then our republic must go down to destruction.”

18. Reforms Spread(continued) • 1831 – Alexis de Tocqueville contrasted brutal prison conditions in America with “extended liberty” of American Society