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Understanding Risk Factors for Hypertension in Older Adults

Hypertension (HBP) risk factors include age, race, gender, weight, and lifestyle habits. Blood pressure rises with age, impacting men over 45 and women over 55 post-menopause. African Americans face higher prevalence and severity of HBP compared to Caucasians and Hispanics. Overweight or obesity can strain the heart, while unhealthy habits like excessive sodium intake, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise increase risk. Additionally, a family history of HBP and long-term stress elevate chances of developing hypertension, especially if prehypertension is present.

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Understanding Risk Factors for Hypertension in Older Adults

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  1. Risk Factors For HPN

  2. Older Age • Blood pressure tends to rise with age • male older than 45 or a female older than 55 > estrogen is a cardioprotective substance that keeps females relatively safer from hypertension and heart disease until after menopause.

  3. Race/Ethnicity • occurs more often in African American adults than in Caucasian or Hispanic American adults. In relation to these groups, African Americans: • Tend to get HBP earlier in life • Often have more severe HBP • Are more likely to be aware that they have HBP and to get treatment • Are less likely than Caucasians and about as likely as Hispanic Americans to achieve target control levels with HBP treatment • Have higher rates than Caucasians of premature death from HBP-related complications, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure

  4. Overweight or Obesity • Added weight may add to cardiac effort and may decrease perfusion

  5. Gender • Women under a certain age do tend to develop high blood pressure less frequently than men, due to the protective effects of estrogen. As women age, this protective effect decreases, and by the retirement years, women and men share about the same level of risk.

  6. Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits • Eating too much sodium (salt) • Drinking too much alcohol • Not getting enough potassium in your diet • Not doing enough physical activity • Smoking

  7. Other Risk Factors • A family history of HBP raises risk for the condition • Long-lasting stress also can also be a risk factor for HBP • more likely to develop HBP if you have prehypertension. Prehypertension means that your blood pressure is in the 120–139/80–89 mmHg range.

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