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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Stages of Cell Growth and Division

The cell cycle is a vital process through which a cell grows, prepares for division, and ultimately divides into two daughter cells. It comprises three main stages: Interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA; Mitosis, which encompasses four phases (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase) that involve the division of the nucleus; and Cytokinesis, where the cell membrane pinches off, resulting in two distinct daughter cells. This cycle is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in living organisms.

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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Stages of Cell Growth and Division

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  1. Section 4-3 Cell Division

  2. The Cell Cycle • During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two “daughter cells”

  3. Stage 1: Interphase • The cell grows, duplicates organelles, and makes a copy of DNA. • The cell’s nucleus is uniform and the cell is regularly shaped • It just looks like a cell…

  4. Stage 2: Mitosis • The nucleus of the cell divides into two new nuclei • Mitosis has 4 stages • By looking at the nucleus and chromosomes you can determine what stage of mitosis the cell is in.

  5. Mitosis 1: Prophase • During prophase the chromatin (bundles of DNA) condense into two-rod structures called chromosomes, which makes the nucleus look chunky • There are two rods in chromosomes because DNA has been duplicated.

  6. Mitosis 2: Metaphase • During metaphase the chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell. • They are attached to the centrioles by spindle fibers (used to be the cytoskeleton). Centromere Spindle Fibers

  7. Mitosis 3: Anaphase • During anaphase the chromosomes are torn apart at the centromeres and move toward opposite ends of the cell.

  8. Mitosis 4: Telophase • During telophase the chromosomes begin to lose their rod-shape and a new nucleus starts to form around them.

  9. Stage 3: Cytokinesis • The cell membrane pinches off and the cell splits in two. • Called daughter cells • The new cells are now in interphase and the cycle starts again.

  10. Cell Cycle Quick Draw

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