1. American History Chapter 16-4 Taft and Wilson

2. Election of 1908 • Rep. William Taft v. Dem. William Bryan. • Taft won easily with support from Pres. Roosevelt. • Passed the 16th Amendment: Power of Congress to levy taxes based on an individual’s income.

3. Republican Party Splits • Taft lost support of the Progressive Republicans: • Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff bill, raising tariffs. • Fired Forest Service chief Gifford Pinchot, causing Roosevelt to withdraw his support of Taft. • Election of 1912: • Rep. Party chose Taft as their candidate. • Progressive rep. chose Roosevelt. (Bull Moose Party) • Democrats chose Woodrow Wilson. • Woodrow Wilson dominated & became the 28th president of the United States.

4. 1912 Election Results

5. President Wilson • Promised New Freedom: • Lower tariffs, bank reform, stronger antitrust laws. • Underwood Tariff Act: Reduced tariffs & assessed a graduated income tax. • Federal Reserve Act: Created a 3-tier banking system. • Fed. Reserve Board, appt. by the pres. to run the system. • 12 Fed. Reserve banks to serve other banks. • Private banks to serve the public. • Clayton Antitrust Act: Specified illegal trusts & made peaceful strikes & boycotts legal. • FTC created to enforce the antitrust law & crack down on deceptive advertising.

6. Federal Reserve System

7. Women Gain Suffrage • National Women’s Party: Started in 1916 by Alice Paul. • Pushed for an amendment to give women voting rights. • Picketed the White House/ chained themselves to fences. • Went on hunger strikes in jail. • Organized marches & lobbied. • 19th Amendment: Ratified in 1920 – gave women full voting rights.

8. Progressive Movement • Had limited impact on the rights of black Americans. • Brownsville Incident: Pres. Roosevelt dishonorably discharged 167 African American soldiers in 1906. • Was not corrected until 1972. • WWI would end the Progressive Era in the U.S.