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Olfactory System

Olfactory System. By: Sulie Garcia and Valerie Gonzalez. Structure. Olfactory Receptors- Located in the roof of the nasal passage Olfactory Bulbs- Located in brain Olfactory Epithelium- Located 7 cm into the nose Olfactory Tract- Located in the brain

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Olfactory System

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  1. Olfactory System By: Sulie Garcia and Valerie Gonzalez

  2. Structure • Olfactory Receptors- Located in the roof of the nasal passage • Olfactory Bulbs- Located in brain • Olfactory Epithelium- Located 7 cm into the nose • Olfactory Tract- Located in the brain • Olfactory Cortex- Located in the Brain • Olfactory Filaments- roof of nose

  3. Structure continued

  4. Structure continued

  5. Function • The function of the Olfactory system is to recognize the scents inhaled by the nose • When one smells an odor the chemicals that cause an odor are absorbed into a mucus membrane known as the Olfactory Epithelium and dissolve • From there Olfactory receptors detect the odor transmitted from the epithelium • Then the Olfactory Filaments that are connected to the OlfactoryReceptors and lead to bulb in brain

  6. Function Continued • The Olfactory Bulbs then receive information from chemical- sensing cells from the roof of the nose • After the Olfactory Bulbs receive the information, the Olfactory Tract sends this information to the brain • When the brain receives the information, the Olfactory Cortex recognizes the sent

  7. Diseases • Smell is commonly affected by the disease Anosmia • Anosmia can be caused by a head injury due to the fact that it damages the olfactory nerves that are connected to the olfactory bulb • Another important factor that contributes to Anosmia is damage in the frontal lobes due to a tumor or surgery • Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also cause it • Also, cocaine abuse can lead to Anosmia • Some medications, like antibiotics, antidepressants, heart medications, etc., can also cause it

  8. Treatments • There is no official treatment for Anosmia, however there are a few things that can help people suffering from it. • #1- Castor oil on the nostrils before bed and after bed can improve olfaction • #2- Prescripted medication from a professional doctor • #3- If a smoker, quitting will help the recognition of scent once again because nasal passages will clear • #4- Nasal sprays and antibiotics also help get rid of Anosmia • #5- Surgery also gets rid of Anosmia if nasal sprays and antibiotics don’t work

  9. 10 must know facts!! • 1. Olfaction- sense of smell • 2. The olfactory system can identify food and influences social and sexual behavior. • 3. The olfactory system has two distinguished parts: a main olfactory system (identifies airborne substances) and an accessory olfaction system ( produces “pheromones” which allows social behavior) • 4. Since the olfactory bulb is part of the brain, scents can trigger memories and responses • 5. Each olfactory receptor sends its electrical impulse to a particular part of the olfactory bulb, then the bulb sends it to parts of the brain. The brain then interprets it to smell

  10. 10 must know facts continued • 6. Odors in the air are dissolved in the layer of mucus coating the epithelium (located in the roof of the nasal passage) • 7. Receptor cells are bipolar neurons, each containing a dendritic rod. Dendritic rods have cilia, they help axons pass through • 8. Receptor cells have axons, which help odors reach the olfactory bulbs and the olfactory tract • 9. When odor reaches the brain the limbic system takes place and identifies the odor • 10. The olfactory cortex help generate taste information and distinguish flavor

  11. Bibliography • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/anosmia-cure.html • http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html • The Olfactory System: Anatomy and Physiology. Macalester. 1996. • www.macalester.edu/academics/psychology/whathap/.../nasal. • Olfactory System Anatomy. Medscape Referance. 7 June, 2011. • <emedicine.medscape.com/article/835585-overview> • The Olfactory System. How Things Work. 29 October, 2007. • <science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human.../smell2.htm>

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