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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Chapter 3 Sections 2 + 3 Pages 62-71. Acids and their Properties. An acid is Hydronium ions form when a _______ ____ , H⁺, separates from the acid and bonds with a ____ ______ , H₂O. Acids have a Sour Flavor. _____ _____ result of citric acid

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Sections 2 + 3 Pages 62-71

  2. Acids and their Properties • An acid is • Hydronium ions form when a _______ ____, H⁺, separates from the acid and bonds with a ____ ______, H₂O.

  3. Acids have a Sour Flavor • _____ _____result of citric acid • Most acids are _______(can destroy body tissue, clothing, etc.) • Most acids are _______

  4. Acids Change Colors in Indicators • A substance indicator. • An indicator is a Litmus paper strip usually ____and changes to ____when an acid is added

  5. Acids React with Metals • Acids react with some _____to produce ________gas. • Acids need ______metals to produce the gas.

  6. Acids Conduct Electric Current • When acids are dissolved in water, they • Ions make the solution able to conduct an _____ ______. • Car battery-sulfuric acid

  7. Uses of Acids • Sulfuric Acid: • Nitric Acid: • Hydrochloric Acid: • Hydrofluoric acid: • Citric Acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C): • Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid:

  8. Bases and their Properties • A base is any compound that increases the number of ______ions, OH⁻, when dissolved in water. • Hydroxide ions give bases their properties: soaps, bleach/detergents, baking soda. • Properties include a ____taste and _______feel.

  9. Bases and their Properties • Bases change color in indicators. Changes ___litmus paper to ____. • Bases conduct an electric current because bases increase the number of ________ions, OH⁻, in a solution. • A hydroxide ion is a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom bonded together. The extra electron gives the hydroxide ion a ________charge.

  10. Uses of Bases • Sodium hydroxide: • Calcium hydroxide: • Ammonia: • Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide:

  11. Strengthens of Acids and Bases • Strength is not the same as concentration. • Concentration is • Strength

  12. Strong Versus Weak Acids and Bases • In a ______acid or base, all of the molecules of the acid or base break apart when the acid or base is dissolved in water. • In a _____acid or base, only a few of the acid or base molecules break part when the acid or base is dissolved in water.

  13. Acids, Bases and Neutralization • The reaction between acids and bases is a ___________ _______. (example- antacid meets stomach acid) • The hydrogen ions H⁺ (from the acid) react with the hydroxide ions OH⁻ forming H₂O, water which is neutral. If the water evaporates then ions form compounds called salts.

  14. The pH Scale • An indicator, such as litmus, can identify whether a solution contains an acid or base. • A pH is a value that is used to express the acidity or basically (alkalinity) of a system. Less than 7: _____ 7: _______ Greater than 7: ____

  15. Using Indictors to Determine pH • Indicators turn different ______at different pH levels. • The color of the pH strip can be compared with colors on the indicator scale to

  16. pH and the Environment • Rain pH (5.5-6) • Soil pH, some plants grow better in either acidic or basic soil.

  17. Salts and its Uses • A salt is • Sodium Chloride • Sodium Hydroxide (lye and baking soda) • Sodium nitrate (food preservative)

  18. More info on Acids and Bases • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidbase.html

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