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Enhancing Power Plant Model Validation Using Disturbance Data and Synchrophasors

This document outlines the methodology for validating power plant dynamic models by comparing computer simulations with actual measured responses during disturbances. Key objectives include short-term goals of validating generator models based on real-time data and longer-term strategies for systematic model validation across ERCOT. The document highlights challenges such as gathering necessary high-speed measurements and identifying disturbances, along with proposed solutions like installing PMUs at each generator site. Effective validation ensures better performance and reliability of power generation systems.

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Enhancing Power Plant Model Validation Using Disturbance Data and Synchrophasors

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  1. Dynamic Model Validation Project Sidharth Rajagopalan Engineer, Dynamic Studies Jonathan RoseEngineer, Resource Integration Synchrophasor Meeting

  2. Need for Model Validation… Source: https://www.wecc.biz/committees/StandingCommittees/PCC/TSS/MVWG/06212011/Lists/Presentations/1/2011-06%20Power%20Plant%20Model%20Validation%20Using%20Disturbance%20Data.pdf Synchrophasor Meeting

  3. Validation Methodology • Compare computer simulations to actual generator behavior, measured during a disturbance. Field Measurements PMUs, DFRs... PSS/E TSAT (?) Compare Results Pass / Fail Synchrophasor Meeting

  4. Overview • Near Term Goals • Validate a few generator dynamic models based on available measured response during system events. • Long Term Goals • Develop plan to systematically validate generator models in ERCOT. • New responsibilities? (NERC MOD Standard) • Resource Entities, ERCOT, TSP • Install measurement devices • PMU at every power plant Synchrophasor Meeting

  5. Challenge #1: Gathering Measurements Needed • High-speed measurements of V, q, P, Q, Hz. • >= 30 samples / second. • Measure unit output , not plant. Generator • Existing PMUs available to ERCOT • Installed for specific purpose of transmission observability. • none measure generator output • Some gen companies have continuous fault recorders • Difficult to access data. “Leap-frog” communication. • Need coordination on setting up recorders. • This issue is unresolved. • Only attempted to validate Governor models. POI Synchrophasor Meeting

  6. Possible Solution #1: Gathering Measurements Generator • Install PMU or proper set Continuous DFR at each generator • Does not need to stream live data. (Communication $$). • PMU preferred over DFRs. • Installation and Maintenance • Provide easy access to data POI Need method to easily get data to ERCOT. PMU or Continuous DFR Synchrophasor Meeting

  7. Challenge #2: Identifying Disturbances Problem: Some stochastic disturbances difficult to monitor and identify. Possible Solution: • Move a nearby switched shunt. • Change generator voltage set point. Synchrophasor Meeting

  8. Brainstorming A Synchrophasor Plan… • PMUs for Operational Needs • Stream live data. • Penetration: capture system condition • PMUs for Generator Model Validation • Archive data for 30 days. Data downloaded as needed. • Measure terminal behavior of each plant. • Overlap? • Some generator PMUs stream data for Operations. Synchrophasor Meeting

  9. Thank You Questions? Synchrophasor Meeting

  10. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Synchrophasor Meeting

  11. Overview of Validation Process • Capture electrical measurements during a disturbance using PMU. • Need plant-level or unit-level measurements. • Introduce disturbance and measurements into simulation. • Check that the simulated response matches plant actual response. • If not, discuss the results with the resource entity. Present independent variables (V, q, Hz) to Generator Test Generator POI Field Measurements Comparison Measure vs. Simulation  Pass /Fail. Synchrophasor Meeting

  12. Example – Simple Model Validation Exercise SPWG Meeting Synchrophasor Meeting

  13. Types of Measurement Devices • Phasor Measurement Units • Stand-alone measurement device. High-fidelity. • Synchrophasors • Relay with PMU-like features. High-fidelity. • E.g. Schweitzer 421. • Digital Fault Recorders (Continuous) • Predecessor to synchrophasors. • Similar to PMUs except no GPS-clock and cannot measure angle. • May or may not be able to stream live measurements. • Digital Fault Recorders (Triggered) • Oscilloscope-type measurements that are triggered. Used for relay performance reviews, event forensics, etc. • SCADA Synchrophasor Meeting

  14. Measurement Device Comparison Synchrophasor Meeting

  15. Gathering Measurements – Need a Good Disturbance! Pgen, Qgen V Machine • The nature of the disturbance determines which system is affected. • Multiple disturbances needed to validate all parts of model. dq/dt Vmeas AVR Qgen Hz Pgen GOV dw/dt Pgen PSS Synchrophasor Meeting

  16. Disturbances • Voltage Disturbances are difficult to find! • Wait for a fault? How know when it happened? • WECC creates their own disturbances • 1400 MW Chief Joseph braking resistor. • Could ERCOT do similar? • Disturb generator by adjusting nearby tap, switched shunt or change Voltage set point. Chief Joseph: Synchrophasor Meeting

  17. Synchrophasor Meeting

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