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The chemical Basis of Inheritance

The chemical Basis of Inheritance. Chromatin / Chromosomes. Organism estimated size estimated gene number average gene density chromosome # Homo sapiens (human) 2900 million bases ~30,000 1 gene per 100,000 bases 46

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The chemical Basis of Inheritance

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  1. The chemical Basis of Inheritance

  2. Chromatin / Chromosomes

  3. Organism estimated size estimated gene number average gene density chromosome # Homo sapiens (human) 2900 million bases ~30,000 1 gene per 100,000 bases 46 Rattus norvegicus (rat) 2,750 million bases ~30,000 1 gene per 100,000 bases 42 Mus musculus (mouse) 2500 million bases ~30,000 1 gene per 100,000 bases 40 Drosophila melanogaster 180 million bases 13,600 1 gene per 9,000 bases 8 (fruit fly) Arabidopsis thaliana 125 million bases 25,500 1 gene per 4000 bases 5 (plant) Zea mays (corn) 5000 million bases ~25,000 1 gene per 200,000 bases 10 Oryza sativa (rice) 565 ~25,000 1 gene per 23000 bases 12 Caenorhabditis elegans 97 million bases 19,100 1 gene per 5000 bases 6 (roundworm) Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12 million bases 6300 1 gene per 2000 bases 16 (yeast) Escherichia coli 4.7 million bases 3200 1 gene per 1400 bases 1 (bacteria) H. influenzae (bacteria) 1.8 million bases 1700 1 gene per 1000 bases 1

  4. Chromosome = Protein + DNA

  5. Indirect Evidence of DNA as genetic material

  6. Bacteria transforming factor- Griffiths 1928

  7. Hershey and Chase Expt. 1952Viral Life Cycle I

  8. Viral Life cycle II attachment, penetration, replication, assembly, lysis

  9. Hershey and Chase – Protein coat labeled virus

  10. Hershey and Chase – DNA labeled virus

  11. 32P - Radioactivity appear in progeny

  12. 35S – No Radioactivity in progeny

  13. Hershey and Chase

  14. Watson and Click Model 1953

  15. DNA –A Double Helix

  16. DNA – Sugar phosphate backbone

  17. DNA – Polynucleotide chain

  18. DNA – A Nucleotide unit

  19. DNA – Sugar / pentose

  20. Pyrimidine DNA – Organic Bases Purines

  21. DNA – Base pairing

  22. DNA – Base pairing

  23. DNA – 2 antiparallel chains

  24. DNA vs RNA

  25. DNA vs RNA

  26. DNA - The molecule of life • Each cell: • 46 chromosomes • 2 meters of DNA • 3 billion DNA bases • Approximately 30,000 genes

  27. From DNA to Human

  28. DNA replication – overall process

  29. DNA replication

  30. Three models of DNA replication

  31. Evidence for a Semi-conservative model

  32. Semi-conservative replication

  33. DNA replication

  34. The triplet code I

  35. The triplet code II- start

  36. The triplet code III- termination

  37. The triplet code IV- degenerate

  38. The triplet code IV- Non-overlapping

  39. The triplet code V –no punctuation

  40. Breaking the code

  41. Breaking the code

  42. Central Dogma

  43. Transcription

  44. Transcription- animated

  45. Transcription- coding strand

  46. Replication - transcription -translation

  47. t-RNA

  48. t-RNA binding sites

  49. Aminoacyl-tRNA complex

  50. Ribosome – Pro- and Eukaryotic

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