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Understanding the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance: Insights from Thomas Hunt Morgan's Research

This overview explores the chromosomal basis of inheritance through the pioneering work of Thomas Hunt Morgan in the early 20th century. Morgan's experiments with the prolific fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, revealed key genetic principles, including linked genes, genetic recombination, and the mechanisms of sex determination in various organisms. He established essential concepts such as linkage maps and the relationship between chromosomal distance and recombination frequency. This foundational work laid the groundwork for modern genetics and our understanding of heredity.

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Understanding the Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance: Insights from Thomas Hunt Morgan's Research

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  1. The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Marie Černá

  2. Thomas Hunt Morgan1910s- 20s

  3. Morgan’s experiments fruit fly: Drosophila melanogaster • prolific breeders (100s of offspring / 2 weeks) • 4 pairs of chromosomes (8, XY; 8, XX)

  4. Morgan’s laws linked genes on the same chromosome • are located linearly in the gene loci • tend to be inherited together

  5. Genetic recombination • Independent assortment of chromosomes (unlinked genes) - 50% frequency • crossing over (linked genes) - the greater the distance between two genes, the more points there are between them where crossing over can occur 1 centimorgan = 1% recombination frequency

  6. Genetic maps • linkage map - based on recombination frequencies • cytological map - based on stained bands of chromosomes that can be seen in the microscope • genetic map - based on DNA nucleotide sequences

  7. Sex determination • in mammals(humans), some insects (fruit flies) • in some insects (grasshoppers, crickets, roaches) • in birds, some fishes, some insects (butterflies, moths) • in bees and ants

  8. Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit three: Genetics Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Pages 286 - 296

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