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Chapter 17 Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks

Chapter 17 Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks. 17.1 Cellular Telephony. Frequency Reuse Principle. Transmitting. Receiving. Handoff. Roaming. First Generation. Second Generation. Third Generation. Cellular System. A cellular service area is divided into cells.

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Chapter 17 Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks

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  1. Chapter 17Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks

  2. 17.1 Cellular Telephony • Frequency Reuse Principle • Transmitting • Receiving • Handoff • Roaming • First Generation • Second Generation • Third Generation

  3. Cellular System • A cellular service area is divided into cells.

  4. Frequency Reuse Pattern

  5. First Generation • AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) is an analog cellular phone system using FDMA • operating in the ISM 800 Mhz

  6. AMPS reverse communication band

  7. Second-generation cellular phone systems

  8. D-AMPS • A second-generation cellular phone system that is a digital version of AMPS • D-AMPS, or IS-136, is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

  9. GSM • Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a second-generation cellular phone system used in Europe • bands = =

  10. GSM (2)

  11. Multiframe Components • GSM is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

  12. IS-95 • Interim Standard 95 is a second-generation cellular phone system based on CDMA and DSSS • IS-95 forward transmission

  13. IS-95 reverse transmission • IS-95 is a digital cellular phone system using CDMA/DSSS and FDMA.

  14. Third Generation • The main goal of third-generation cellular telephony is to provide universal personal communication. • Internet Mobile Communication for year 2000 (IMT-2000) • IMT-2000 radio interfaces

  15. 17.2 Satellite Networks • Orbits • Three Categories of Satellites • GEO Satellites • MEO Satellites • LEO Satellites

  16. Satellite Orbits

  17. Examples Example 1 What is the period of the moon according to Kepler’s law? Solution The moon is located approximately 384,000 km above the earth. The radius of the earth is 6378 km. Applying the formula, we get Period = (1/100) (384,000 + 6378)1.5 = 2,439,090 s = 1 month

  18. Examples Example 2 According to Kepler’s law, what is the period of a satellite that is located at an orbit approximately 35,786 km above the earth? Solution Applying the formula, we get Period = (1/100) (35,786 + 6378)1.5 = 86,579 s = 24 h A satellite like this is said to be stationary to the earth. The orbit, as we will see, is called a geosynchronous orbit.

  19. Satellite Categories

  20. Satellite orbit altitude

  21. Satellite frequency band

  22. Satellites in geosynchronous orbit

  23. GPS • 24 satellites in six orbits. • Medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites that provide time and location information for vehicles and ships.

  24. LEO (Lowor-Earth Orbit) Satellites UML : User Mobile Link, GWL : Gateway Link, ISL : Intersatellite Link

  25. Iridum Constellation • The Iridium system has 66 satellites in six LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 750 km. • Providing direct universal voice and data communications for handheld terminals.

  26. Teledesic • Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 1350 km. • Teledesic satellites are low-Earth-orbit satellites that will provide universal • broadband Internet access.

  27. Questions !

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