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The Hundred Years War

The Hundred Years War. I will be able to: Describe the significance of the Hundred Years War Explain the causes of the war, the effects of the long bow, and the impact of the war. The Hundred Years War. 1337-1453, 100 Years War? Causes

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The Hundred Years War

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  1. The Hundred Years War I will be able to: • Describe the significance of the Hundred Years War • Explain the causes of the war, the effects of the long bow, and the impact of the war

  2. The Hundred Years War • 1337-1453, 100 Years War? • Causes • King of England married to first daughter of the King of France, who also has sons. • King of France dies. • Who gets the land?

  3. French Lands Belonging to English Kings • A longer standing issue was the status of lands within France that belonged to English kings. • Edward was actually a vassal of Philip VI, holding sizable French territories as fiefs from the king of France [it went back to the Norman conquest].

  4. Military Characteristics • The War was a series of short raids and expeditions punctuated by a few major battles, marked off by truces or ineffective treaties.

  5. French Advantages • Population of about 16,000,000. • Far richer and more populous than England. • At one point, the French fielded an army of over 50,000  at most, Britain mustered only 32,000.

  6. English Advantages • Weapons Technologies. • In almost every engagement, the English were outnumbered. • England’s most successful strategies: • Avoid pitched battles. • Engage in quick, profitable raids • Steal what you can. Destroy everything else. • Capture enemy knights to hold for ransom.

  7. Stage One of the War (1337-1360) • King Edward III of England invades France and captures King John II of France. • He is ransomed. • Result of stage one: England captures ½ of France.

  8. The Longbow as a Weapon • The use of the English defensive position was the use of the longbow. • Its arrows had more penetrating power than a bolt from a crossbow. • Could pierce an inch of wood or the armor of a knight at 200 yards! • A longbow could be fired more rapidly. • 6 arrows per minute.

  9. Early English Victories

  10. The British Longbow:The Battle of Poitiers, 1356

  11. The Effective Use of the Cannon at Poitiers, 1356

  12. King Charles V of France retakes all of the French lands from the English. Stage Two 1361 - 1396 French Flag Richard II

  13. Stage Three (1397-1420) • King Henry V of England invades France and forces King Charles VII of France to sign a treaty giving him his daughter. • Meaning? • King Charles VII of France agrees, but King Henry V of England dies before Charles, so his son, Henry VI takes over. • Fighting Continues…..why? • Result? England takes over 2/3 of France.

  14. King Henry V (r. 1412-1422) • At Agincourt in 1415, the English, led by Henry himself, goaded a larger French army into attacking a fortified English position. • With the aid of the dukes of Burgundy, Henry gained control over Normandy, Paris, and much of northern France!

  15. Stage Three 1397 - 1420 • English nationalistic feelings soared when they heard of the stunting victory of King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt • Henry V’s 8,000 soldiers defeated Charles VI’s 50,000 French troops

  16. Charles VI who suffered from periods of insanity gave his daughter Katherine in marriage to Henry V Henry V would inherit France after the death of Charles VI Charles VI cut his son Charles (VII) the dauphin (French heir to the throne) out of inheriting France The Treaty of Troyes is signed after the Battle of Agincourt Charles VI

  17. Henry V and Charles VI both die in 1422 Henry VI of England is only 9 months old A young French girl, Joan of Arc, felt moved by God to rescue France from the English The Dukes of Burgundy frequently sided with the English Stage Four 1421 - 1453

  18. Joan of Arc (1412-1432) • The daughter of prosperous peasants from an area of Burgundy that had suffered under the English. • Like many medieval mystics, she reported regular visions of divine revelation. • She dressed like a man and was Charles’ most charismatic and feared military leader!

  19. Joan of Arc brings a spirit of nationalism to the French • The “voices” Joan heard told her to go to Charles the dauphin and aid him in driving the English from France • She helps end the English siege of Orleans • With Joan’s aid, Charles was crowned king at Reims in 1429 • Joan, referred to as “the Maid”

  20. Cannons Used at Orleans

  21. Joan is captured and tried • In 1430 Joan is captured and turned over to English church authorities • She is charged with heresy and witchcraft because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine guidance, she was condemned and burned at the stake as a heretic in 1431. • Charles VII does nothing to save her but he does win the Hundred Years War • In 1920, Joan is declared a saint as the church retracts its judgment

  22. Results of the 100 Years War • New Style of Warfare • Paid soldiers • Heavy armor • Canons • Nationalism – fighting to defend/protect your country.

  23. Nationalism – a feeling of loyalty and patriotism to one’s own land and people Nationalism will continue in France after Joan’s death Calais is the only territory in France that the French will not be able to win back New weapons such as the longbow & cannons lessened the importance of armored knights & castles Additional facts

  24. Weapons

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