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The Hundred Years ’ War

The Hundred Years ’ War. What was it?. a series of wars between 2 royal families (Valois x Anjou/ Plantagenet) French x English 1337 – 1453 fight over the control of various pieces of land in France. Location. Where can we find the roots of this conflict?. 1) 1066 – William the Conqueror

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The Hundred Years ’ War

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  1. The Hundred Years’ War

  2. What was it? • a series of wars between 2 royal families • (Valois x Anjou/ Plantagenet) • French x English • 1337 – 1453 • fight over the control of various pieces of land in France

  3. Location

  4. Where can we find the roots of this conflict? 1) 1066 – William the Conqueror (Norman Duke, a vassal of the French King) 2) Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine (12c) - got a big region in France - their sons: Richard the Lionheart John the Lackland (lost land) 3) 1328 – Charles IV (Valois) dies candidates: Philip VI (Valois) x Edward III 4) Flanders – a rich region under French control

  5. Dynastic conflict • 1328 – Charles IV (son of Philip IV) died wihout an heir there were 2 candidates – see the family tree struggle over the throne started (1337 Philip confiscates Aquitaine) Lex Salica

  6. Family tree (Valois)

  7. Flanders as a reson for conflict • industrial center of north-western Europe • extremely wealthy – cloth manufacture • imported fleece/ wool from England • England depended upon this trade exchange • France wanted to control the region (Flemish counts were vassals of the French king) • triangular trade • Battle of Sluys 1340 – English naval victory

  8. The War Breaks Out • Battle of Sluys 1340 • Battle of Crecy 1346 (John of Luxembourg) • Battle of Poitiers 1356 (French king captive) • Black Death, rebellions in both countries (1350s Jacquerie, 1381 Pasants' Revolt) • Battle of Agincourt 1415 (Treaty of Troyes, Henry V married Catherine – French princess and their son is crowned king of E. and F. (Charles VII – dauphin was disowned)

  9. Weapons and tactics • longbow (English/ Welsh longbow) • crossbow • pikes • swords, maces, etc. • heavy cavalry (France) • light infantry (England) • avoiding pitch battle (England) • use of terrain (England)

  10. Black Death • see separate presentation 

  11. Joan of Arc • she had a vision, God told her to go and tell the king • she led the French to victory • raising of the siege of Orleans • dauphin Charles crowned French king as Charles VII • 1431 – burned at stake • 1435 – end of civil war (Burgundians)

  12. Final phase of the war • English still held Aquitaine and Normandy • 1453 – Battle of Castillon • final victory of the French • England lost all its holdings in France • no treaty, just cease fire

  13. What were the results of the war? • study the last section of the text (6.3) and fill in the chart

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