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The Human Ear and Voice

The Human Ear and Voice. By: Stephanie Cate. The Human Ear. The Outer Ear. Focuses sound waves onto the ear drum Two parts The pinna which concentrates sound waves into the auditory canal. The auditory canal which transmits the sound waves onto the ear drum and protects it.

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The Human Ear and Voice

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  1. The Human Ear and Voice By: Stephanie Cate

  2. The Human Ear

  3. The Outer Ear • Focuses sound waves onto the ear drum • Two parts • The pinna which concentrates sound waves into the auditory canal. • The auditory canal which transmits the sound waves onto the ear drum and protects it.

  4. The Middle Ear • Made up of 3 ossicles • The Hammer • The Anvil • The Stirrup • These bones convert the small amplitude vibrations of the eardrum into the larger amplitude pressure oscillations required to set up waves in the fluid of the inner ear.

  5. The Inner Ear • The Cochlea contains the nerves that convert the physical vibrations into electrical signals. • The oval window • The scala vestibuli • The helicotrema • The apex of the cochlea • The basilar membrane • The scala tympani • The round window • The base of the cochlea

  6. Place Theory of Hearing • A leading theory of hearing that posits a correlation between frequency and the position of the response along the basilar membrane.

  7. Amplitude Response to the Ear • Threshold for hearing is the intensity of the smallest oscillation that can be perceived by the ear. • Threshold for pain is the intensity at which a wave becomes painful to the ear. • An oscillation does not become painful to the ear until its amplitude reaches about 1 part in 10,000 times atmospheric pressure.

  8. Definitions • Periodicity Pitch-The fundamental frequency perceived by the brain when only harmonics are physically present in the sound. • Fundamental tracking-The ability of the ear to hear fundamentals when a series of waves consisting of higher harmonics is sounded. • Combination Tones-Frequencies created by the nonlinearity of the ear mechanism when two or more notes are sounded simultaneously.

  9. Ohms Law of Hearing • The Principle that the timbre of a complex wave depends only on the amplitudes of its harmonics and not on the phases.

  10. Binaural Effects • Lower frequency sounds are easier to localize • Higher frequency sounds are harder to localize.

  11. Hearing Loss • Can be caused by • Prolonged exposure to loud sounds • Diseases or Infections • Aging • Some Drugs • Damage to the ear itself

  12. Vocal Tract

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