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The Atom: Properties, Structure, and Periodic Table

Understand the basic properties and structure of an atom, including its subatomic particles, as well as how to read and use the periodic table. Learn about elements and compounds.

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The Atom: Properties, Structure, and Periodic Table

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  1. Q: What’s an atom? • The smallest piece of matter that still has all the properties and characteristics of that type of matter • EX. An atom of gold still has the same chemical and physical properties as a chunk of gold

  2. Q: What’s an atom? • Brownian Motion • Perpetual movement of particles (atoms jiggling/vibrating) • Named after Robert Brown (Scottish botanist).

  3. Q: What does an atom look like? • An atom is mostly empty space • Atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center • Atoms contain what we call subatomic particles (3 subatomic particles)

  4. Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Electron (symbol e-) • Location- electron cloud (outside nucleus) • Charge- negative (each electron has a -1 charge) • Relative mass- 1/1840 • 1/1840 the size of the other particles = SMALL

  5. Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Proton (symbol p+) • Location- nucleus • Charge- positive (each proton has a +1 charge) • Relative mass- 1

  6. Q: What does an atom look like?(3 subatomic particles) • Nucleus (symbol n0) • Location- nucleus • Charge- neutral (each neutron has zero charge, not charged at all!) • Relative mass- 1

  7. Draw a picture of an atom below. Label each of the three subatomic particles, as well as the nucleus and electron cloud.

  8. Q: What is the overall charge of the nucleus in an atom? Why? • Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons (p+ and n0) • Since the only charged particles are protons and they have a positive charge, the overall charge is positive

  9. Break Time • Structure of the Atom Worksheet (ChemQuest 8) with questions • Use the diagrams and information on the front of the sheet to answer the questions on the back.

  10. Q: What is the Periodic Table? • Where we can look to find elements • Any element in the world is found here. If it’s not here, it’s not an element. • For example: • Hydrogen and oxygen are found on the PT (H and O), they are both elements. • Water is made of these elements (H2O), but is not found on the PT. Water is a COMPOUND, not an element

  11. Q: What is the Periodic Table? • The table is organized based on physical and chemical properties/characteristics of elements such as: • What will happen when it is mixed with a certain chemical? • How many of each subatomic particle are present? • What state of matter is it at room temperature? • What does it look like (shiny, dull, etc)? • How big is an atom of that element?

  12. Q: How do I read the periodic table? • First, you must realize that each box contains information about ONE ELEMENT

  13. Q: How do I read the periodic table? • The smaller number in each box (usually at the top) is called the atomic number. • Tells us how many p+ an atom of that element has • Tells us how many e- an atom of that element has • *** This is true ONLY if the atom has an overall NEUTRAL CHARGE

  14. Atomic Number 8 Atomic Number O Oxygen 15.999

  15. Q: How do I read the periodic table? • The larger number (usually at the bottom) represents the atomic mass. • Measured in amu (atomic mass units) • Tells us the total number of p+ and n0 in an atom • How can I use this to find JUST the number of n0? • Atomic mass – Atomic number = # n0 • Atomic mass MUST be rounded to the nearest whole number

  16. Atomic Mass 8 O Oxygen Atomic Mass (amu) 15.999

  17. Q: How do I read the periodic table? • Chemical Symbol • Usually only one or two letters • Some have three letters- these are manmade and will likely get renamed. • First letter is always capital, second is always lowercase • Some symbols are based on the Latin names for the element • Ex. Aurum – gold – Au Ferrum – iron – Fe

  18. Chemical Symbol and Name 8 O Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Oxygen 15.999

  19. Example: Find the element Bismuth (Bi) on your PT. • Atomic Number: 83 • Atomic Mass: 207 (approx) • Symbol: Bi • # p+ = 83 • # e- = 83 • # n0 = 124 (207 – 83)

  20. Agenda Items • Atomic Math Challenge- due tomorrow

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