ANNUAL REFRESHER TEACHERS’ TRAINING SUMMER 2011

2. ANNUAL REFRESHER TEACHERS’ TRAINING SUMMER 2011 SUBJECT SPECIALIST MRS. AKHTAR BUKHARI (DA DEGREE COLLEGE PHASE VII EXT.) SYNDICATE LEADER MRS. GHAZALA FARHEEN (DA MODEL HIGH SCHOOL PHASE VII) PRESENTER’S NAME: MS. AMMARA RIAZ (DA MODEL HIGH SCHOOL PHASE IV)

3. TOPIC: The Major climatic regions of the world

4. OBJECTIVES

5. LONG-TERM/GENERAL OBJECTIVES • “To foster critical thinking in my students”. • “To give my students, the ability to identify, formulate and solve their problems”. • “To enhance students’ creativity”. • “To encourage them to become global citizen”.

6. SHORT-TERM/SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES • Students will have the ability to distinguish between the characteristics of different climatic regions and make a list of those characteristics. • Students will have the ability to understand the affect of the climate on the daily life of people and on the natural and human resources of that region. • Students will have the ability to assemble information about any one of the climatic region and make a painting best suiting the characteristics of that climatic region. • Students will have the ability to analyze the favored characteristics of one of the regions and to argue on its favorability.

7. SYNOPSIS • Definition of Climate (Difference b/w weather & climate) (Factors of climate) • Climatic Belts • Climatic Regions • Conclusion

8. EXPLANATION

9. Definition of Climate • Climate refers to the long term weather conditions of a region, and is measured by studying daily, monthly and yearly weather patterns.

10. Climate differs from weather as it’s the long-term weather factors of a region. • These factors include temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind and rainfall.

11. Climatic Belts/ZONES In order to acquire thorough understanding of the world, the globe has been distributed among some climatic belts. This distribution has been made on the basis of the distance from the Equator and the Poles.

12. THE CLIMATIC BELTS OR CLIMATIC ZONES ARE:

13. CHART

14. 1. HOT BELT/TORRID ZONE The entire space between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is called “Hot Belt” or “Torrid Zone”

15. 2. MEDITERRANEAN BELT/ TEMPERATE ZONE The entire space between the Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle & the entire space between the Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle is called “Mediterranean Belt” or “Temperate Zone”.

16. 3. COLD BELT/ FRIGID ZONE The areas starting from the Circles (Arctic & Antarctic) up to the Poles (North & South) are called “Cold Belt” or “Frigid Zone”.

17. CLIMATIC REGIONS

18. If our world were a plain, smooth ball of rock (or water), the climates would be simple. But the Earth has land, oceans, mountains, plains and different kinds of soil. Due to these factors the climatic belts have further been classified into some parts, these parts are called the “Climatic Regions” or the “Natural Regions”.

19. MAJOR CLIMATIC REGIONS • The Equatorial Region • The Monsoon Region • The Mediterranean Region • The Temperate Grassland or Steppes Region • The Hot Desert Region • The Tundra Region

20. 1. THE EQUATORIAL REGION

21. EQUATORIAL REGION • Land situated between 5° North and 5° South of the Equator • Hot, wet and sticky climate • No different seasons • Dense vegetation Evergreen forests (Tropical rainforest) A lot of Evaporative activity

22. 2. THE MONSOON REGION

23. THE MONSOON REGION • •Agricultural land • •Rice, jute and sugarcane • Periodical winds Rainfall in summer in mountainous areas Bamboo plants • The land situated on both sides of the Equator between 5° to 30°

24. 3. MEDITERRANEAN REGION

25. MEDITERRANEAN REGION Citrus fruits Land situated between 30° to 45° north and south latitudes Land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea Short and dry summer Pleasant winter

26. 4. TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS OR STEPPES REGION

27. STEPPES REGION Lesser rainfall Grass, the only natural growth Lies in the central parts of the continents Grass-eating animals Severe summers and winters

28. 5. HOT DESERT REGION

29. HOT DESERT REGION Extends from 20° to 30° north and south of Equator Hottest and driest areas of the world • Scarcity of rainfall • No rainy season Oil Camel

30. 6. TUNDRA REGION

31. TUNDRA REGION Uncultivable due to extreme cold Spread from the Arctic Circle to the frozen parts of Arctic Ocean Frozen Desert •Longer winters, short summers •Reindeer

32. CONCLUSION The world is divided into three climatic belts on the basis of distance from Equator and the Poles. The world is further divided into six climatic regions on the basis of the physical features.

33. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Crawford, Doreen. [Textbooks from Pakistan. 1989-2002]. 1989. Print • Alam, Sobia. "The Major Climatic Regions of the World." Social Studies for Class VIII. Fourth ed. Karachi: Azam Sons, 2010. 34+. Print. • Alam, Sobia, and NadyaHabib. "Weather and Climate." The World Around You. By AdibaKamal. Third ed. Lexicon, 2007. 28-29. Print.

34. Continued…. • Moss, Peter. "Major Climatic Regions of the World." Secondary Social Studies for Pakistan. Oxford [England: Oxford UP, 2004. Print. • "7(v) Climate Classification and Climatic Regions of the World." Geography : Physical Geography. Web. 30 June 2011. <http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7v.html>.

35. Continued…. • Climates of the World - Climate Zone. Web. 30 June 2011. <http://www.climate-zone.com/>.

36. QUESTION-ANSWER SESSION