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Detector Timing

This study emphasizes the importance of implementing precise timing techniques within detector elements to mitigate background signals from adjacent bunches. The transit time for high-energy muons through the barrel calorimeter is approximately 8.5 ns. It highlights the challenges posed by hadronic showers, which produce long-lived neutrons and decay particles. Timing data is accessible on a hit basis, and developing strategies to manage this information is crucial. A detailed analysis of single muons, electrons, and neutrons shows the complexity of timing from different sources, revealing insights into energy deposition and particle momentum.

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Detector Timing

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  1. Detector Timing • Using timing in detector elements to suppress backgrounds arising from neighboring bunches requires some care. • Transit time for high energy muon is ~8.5 ns through barrel calorimeter at 90º. • Hadronic showers create many long-lived neutrons and other decay particles. • Timing information available on hit basis. • Work needs to be done (or not) to develop effective strategies to handle this information.

  2. Single Muons SiD Tracker Times

  3. Single Muon SiD Cal Times

  4. tt Tracker Times 1500 ns Unweighted occupancy time (ns)

  5. t vs p low momentum loopers

  6. momentum of particle initiating tracker hit

  7. Single Electron SiD Cal Times 4.0 ns 5.0 ns

  8. 1.50 m Single Electron SiD Cal Times 4.2 ns 5.0 ns 1.25 m

  9. time of energy deposition (ns) 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

  10. Single Neutron SiD Cal Times 10,000 ns

  11. LHEP QGSP_BERT QGSP QGSC Pion hadronic energy fraction vs calorimeter time (ns) 500 90% 480 460 440 420 400 Geant4 hadronic models 380 360 340 Time of flight to hadronic calorimeter 320 300 280 260 Fractional energy of a 90° 5 GeV pion in the hadron calorimeter deposited before time t. 240 220 200 180 ~6ns 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

  12. Pions Neutrons

  13. Comments • Times in tracker can be handled (even for slow exotics) by adopting a follow-your-nose approach when adding hits to found tracks. • momentum allows t.o.f. to be estimated. • don’t consider hits outside expected time window. • Late-time calorimeter hits arising from hadronic showers are low-energy and diffuse around the shower core • These hits do not cluster. • Full timing information is available for more detailed studies (if necessary).

  14. tt SiD Cal Times 269 ns

  15. tt Cal Times 10,000 ns

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