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Scientific Method of Reasoning

Scientific Method of Reasoning. State the problem Solve the problem Part 2. Investigative Concepts. Induction - set of experiences - on observations - conclusion / generalization is drawn a. Inductive reasoning - begins with specific - goes to generalization

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Scientific Method of Reasoning

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  1. Scientific Method of Reasoning State the problem Solve the problem Part 2

  2. Investigative Concepts • Induction - set of experiences - on observations - conclusion / generalization is drawn a. Inductive reasoning - begins with specific - goes to generalization - “sour apple theory” - argument = killer

  3. Concepts, cont. • Deduction - generalization or premise - careful, systematic thinking - moves to particular fact / consequence a. Deductive reasoning - begins with generalization - goes to specific b. Not necessarily lead to certainty

  4. Concepts, cont. • Classification (taxonomy) - systematic arrangement of objects - into categories - traits or characteristics • Classification can be: - natural - logical - arbitrary

  5. Synthesis • Combining separate parts / elements a. Elements - when combined - coherent view of crime - and it’s solution b. Examples: - witnesses - forensic examination - records

  6. Analysis • Starts with the whole - whether material substance / thought / impression - separate the whole - constitutional parts - individual study • Relevant information - three separate sources - people / records / physical evidence

  7. Hypothesis • Conjecture - accounts for a set of facts - guesswork • Basis for additional investigation - dead body found - drug dealer - a narcotics hit - additional evidence can change hypothesis - marital dispute

  8. Theory • Verified hypothesis - scheme of thought with assumptions chosen to fit empirical knowledge or observation • Speculative idea or plan - how something might be done - formulation of apparent relationships - underlying principles of observed phenomena - verified to some degree - popularly: mere conjecture / guess

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