Enhancing K-12 Social Studies Education: A Collaborative Approach

1. Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12 Civics, Economics, Geography, and History

2. C3 Development Background Information • Collaboration and community is a central tenet of the work. • Conscious effort to bring stakeholders who have not talked in the same room, for an extended period of time. How was it developed?

3. A Watershed Moment for the Social Studies In January 2010, National Council for the Social Studies and the Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools convened 15 national organizations in civics, economics, and history, to have a conversation about common state standards for social studies.

4. American Association of Geographers American Bar Association American Historical Association Center for Civic Education Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools Constitutional Rights Foundation/USA Constitutional Rights Foundation/Chicago Council for Economic Education National Council for Geographic Education National Council for History Education National Council for the Social Studies National Geographic Society National History Day Street Law, Inc. World History Association

5. Social Studies Defined The social studies is an interdisciplinary exploration of the social sciences and humanities, including civics, history, economics, and geography, in order to develop responsible, informed, and engaged citizens and to foster civic, global, historical, geographic, and economic literacy.

6. State-led Effort • Social Studies Assessment, Curriculum and Instruction (SSACI) Collaborative at CCSSO • 23 States and Two Affiliate Members: • Los Angeles County Office of Education • University of Delaware • State-level expertise and guidance in social studies

7. Task Force American Association of Geographers American Bar Association American Historical Association Center for Civic Education Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools Constitutional Rights Foundation/USA Constitutional Rights Foundation/Chicago Council for Economic Education National Council for Geographic Education National Council for History Education National Council for the Social Studies National Geographic Society National History Day Street Law, Inc. World History Association How was it developed?

8. Writing Team • Keith C. Barton, Indiana University • Stephen Buckles, Vanderbilt University • Flannery Burke, Saint Louis University • Jim Charkins, California State University • S.G. Grant, Binghamton University • Susan W. Hardwick, University of Oregon • John Lee, North Carolina State University • Peter Levine, Tufts University • Meira Levinson, Harvard University • AnandMarri, Columbia University • Chauncey Monte-Sano, University of Michigan • Robert Morrill, Virginia Polytechnic • Kathy Swan, University of Kentucky • Karen Thomas-Brown, University of Michigan-Dearborn • Cynthia Tyson, The Ohio State University • Bruce VanSledright, University of Maryland • Merry Wiesner-Hanks University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee How was it developed?

9. Teacher Collaborative Council • Lisa Lacefield, Arkansas • John White, Arkansas • CharleePassig Archuleta, Colorado • Anton Schulzki, Colorado • Wendy Harrington, Delaware • Sally J. Meyer, Georgia • William S. Rakosnik, Georgia • Pamela M.T. (Takehiro) King, Hawaii • Carrie Sato, Hawaii • MitzieHiga, Hawaii • Rob Dittmer, Iowa • Nancy Peterson, Iowa • Beth Levinsky, Illinois • Jeffrey W. Lightfoot, Illinois • Michael Hutchison, Indiana • Callie Marksbary, Indiana • Amanda Jessee, Kansas • James K. Robb , Kansas • Barry Leonard, Kentucky • Thad Elmore, Kentucky • Rebecca K. Valbuena, California • Michael A. Long, California • Kimberly Loisel, Maryland • Dr. Donna Phillips, Maryland • Shane Gower, Maine • Barbara Perry, Maine • David Johnson, Michigan • Raymond Walker, Michigan • Debra Williams, Missouri • Roxanna Mechem, Missouri • Mary G. Stevens, North Carolina • Traci Barger, North Carolina • Lonnie Moore, Nebraska • Mary Lynn Reiser, Nebraska • Tim Dove, Ohio • Gloria Wu, Ohio • Laura Finney, Ohio • Pam Merrill, Oklahoma • Tara Gray, Washington • Sabrina Shaw, Washington • Lauren Mittermann, Wisconsin • Tina Flood, Wisconsin How was it developed?

10. Critical Voices American Heritage Bill of Rights Institute C-Span Center for Economic Education and Entrepreneurship, U of Delaware Citizen Me Colonial Williamsburg Council of Economic Education DBQ Project Junior Achievement Federal Judicial Center-History Office Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Economic Education Freedom Forum First Amendment Center Heritage Education Services—National Park Services Library of Congress Mikva Challenge, Chicago National Archives National Constitution Center Newseum Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian American Art Museum Smithsonian American Indian Museum Teaching for Change What So Proudly We Hail How was it developed?

11. C3 Participants • 23 States/Affiliates • 15 Professional Organizations • 17 Writers • 50 Teachers • 10 Editors • 4 Graphic Designers • 27 Curricular and Cultural Organizations • Over 3000 respondents Social Studies Assessment, Curriculum and Instruction Collaborative

12. C3 Foundations • Prepares the nation’s young people for college, careers, and civic life; • Inquiry is its foundation; • Formed by core* disciplines of civics, economics, geography, and history; • Composed of deep and enduring understandings, concepts, and skills from the disciplines.  • Emphasizes skills and practices as preparation for democratic decision-making. • Shares in the responsibilities for literacy instruction in K-12 education. What is the C3 Framework? *Appendices for Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology (9-12)

13. Disciplinary Literacy Civic Life Inquiry Arc C3 Foundations

14. THE INQUIRY ARC • Dimension 1 Developing Questions and Planning Inquiries • Dimension 2 Applying Disciplinary Tools and Concepts (Civics, Economics, Geography, and History) • Dimension 3 Evaluating Sources and Using Evidence • Dimension 4 Communicating Conclusions and Taking Informed Action

15. Compelling and Supporting Questions Compelling questions focus on real social problems, issues, and curiosities about how the world works • Intellectually meaty • Kid friendly Examples: • Was the American Revolution revolutionary? • Was the Civil Rights movement of the 1960’s a success? • Why do we need rules?

16. Compelling and Supporting Questions Supporting questions scaffold students’ investigations into the ideas and issues behind a compelling question. Examples: • What were the regulations imposed on the colonists under the Townshend Acts? • What legislation was enacted as a result of the Civil Rights Movement? • What are some rules that families follow?

17. DISCIPLINARY LITERACY Literacies derived from the Common Core State Standards in English language Arts/Literacy form an essential thread required by the actual demands of college, work, and civic life.

18. CIVIC ENGAGEMENT Active and responsible citizens are able to identify and analyze public problems, deliberate with other people about how to define and address issues, take constructive action together, reflect on their actions, create and sustain groups, and influence institutions both large and small. They vote, serve on juries when called, follow the news and current events, and participate in voluntary groups and efforts.  Teaching students to be able to act in these ways—as citizens—significantly enhances preparation for college and career.

19. The Way Forward: The National Council for the Social Studies • C3 Framework Bulletin will have text of C3 Framework with introductory and explanatory articles. • Special Issue of Social Education, November/December, edited by Michelle Herczog, NCSS President-Elect • C3 Strand at the NCSS Annual Conference in St. Louis, November 22-24, 2013 • NCSS Bulletin - C3 Practice Examples from Curricular Partners

20. To download a copy and access other materials go to socialstudies.org/c3