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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700

Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700. Part I Pg. 31-52. Plymouth. A group of Separatists set sail for the Americas. Arrived in New England in 1620. Approximately 102 settlers. No legal claim to the land. Mayflower Compact. Agreement made for a crude government in Plymouth.

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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700

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  1. Chapter 3:Settling the Northern Colonies1619-1700 Part I Pg. 31-52

  2. Plymouth • A group of Separatists set sail for the Americas. • Arrived in New England in 1620. • Approximately 102 settlers. • No legal claim to the land.

  3. Mayflower Compact • Agreement made for a crude government in Plymouth. • Each member required to submit to the will of the majority.

  4. Plymouth • 1620-1621, first winter, only 44 of the original 102 survived. • William Bradford made governor.

  5. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Non-Separatist Puritans gain a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company. • 1,000 settlers. • “Great Migration” 75,000 refugees left England – not all were Puritans, only 14,000 came to Massachusetts.

  6. Massachusetts Bay Colony • John Winthrop – first governor, serves 19 years. • Mass. Bay prospers with fishing, fur trading, and shipbuilding. • Religion plays a major role in the formation of the colony.

  7. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Many Puritan colonists felt they were a model society. • People who didn’t belong to the Congregational Church couldn’t vote, neither could women. • Often referred to as the Bible Commonwealth.

  8. Rhode Island • 1636 – Roger Williams – flees Massachusetts Bay Colony. • Established a settlement which tolerated all religions. • Secured a charter in 1644.

  9. Connecticut • 1635 – Hartford is founded. • 1639 – the Fundamental Orders is created. • Established a government controlled substantially by the citizens. • 1638 – New Haven, theocracy, merges into Connecticut in 1662.

  10. New Hampshire • 1679 – becomes a royal colony.

  11. Puritan-Indian Relations • Originally peaceful Wampanoag Indian chief Massasoit signed a treaty with the Pilgrims in 1621. • 1637 – The Pequot War (Mystic River, CT) • The English/Narragansetts set fire to the homes of the Pequots. Shot at anyone who fled.

  12. Puritan-Indian Relations • Results in 40 years of uneasy peace between settlers and Indians. • 1675 – King Philip’s War (Metacom – Massasoit’s son). • Formed an alliance with other tribes and attacked New England towns.

  13. Puritan-Indian Relations • 52 Puritan towns had been attacked and 12 destroyed. • 1676 – was ends, Metacom is killed his wife and son are sold into slavery. • Result – Indians never again able to threaten New England colonists.

  14. Colonial Unity • 1643 – New England Confederation • Defense – Indians, French, Dutch. • Inter-colonial problems (runaway slaves or criminals). • Each member colony had two votes.

  15. Colonial Unity • Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, valley settlements – New Haven. • First example of colonial unity. • 1684 – Massachusetts Bay Colony charter revoked. • 1686 – Dominion of New England is created.

  16. Dominion of New England • Imposed from London. • Best defense of the region against Indian attacks. • Also designed to promote the English Navigation Laws. • Leader – Sir Edmond Andros – openly affiliated with the Church of England.

  17. Dominion of New England • Limited town meetings. • Restricted the courts, press and the schools. • Revoked land titles. • Taxed people without the consent of their representatives. • Worked to enforce the Navigation Laws.

  18. Dominion of New England • Finally collapses with the Glorious Revolution in England. • 1691 – Massachusetts is made a royal colony.

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