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Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies

Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies. Chapter 3. Warm Up. Read Mayflower Compact & answer the questions with your partner (A day) SFI World History Activity (B day). Political Life in England (1603 -1688).

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Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies

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  1. Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies Chapter 3

  2. Warm Up • Read Mayflower Compact & answer the questions with your partner (A day) • SFI World History Activity (B day)

  3. Political Life in England (1603 -1688) • After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the crown passed to the Catholic Stuarts (James I ) • chronic conflict with the Protestant majority of Parliament • Charles I attempted to rule w/o Parliament • English Civil War (1640-49); Charles I beheaded • Puritan Oliver Cromwell rules as ‘Lord Protector’ until his death • Restoration of Stuarts (Charles II) in 1660 • 1685, James II begins Catholic drama again • 1688, Glorious Revolution • William & Mary (monarchy must be head of the Church of England) • English Bill of Rights establishes precedent of documenting the protected rights of citizens

  4. Calvinism is America • Puritans wished to rid-English Christianity of all Catholic (papist) elements • God is all-knowing & all-powerful • Humans are weak & prone to sin • It is predetermined which souls go to heaven • Only during conversion might one receive a sign that he/she had been saved • Separatists believed that only ‘visible saints’ should be members of the Church of England • But all of the King’s subjects were entitled to membership • Needed to break away completely from C of E • James I threatened their leadership • went to Holland, then secured the right to settle in the VA Company’s lands in 1620 • Arrived in Plymouth Bay as squatters, needed to create gov’t & gain right to the land

  5. Plymouth Colony • Wrote the Mayflower Compact as • a basic plan of gov’t • Demonstration of their fidelity to King James I • Of the 102 who arrived on the Mayflower, only 44 survived the first winter • Celebrated “Thanksgiving” with the Wampanoag tribe who helped them survive the first winter • Lead by William Bradford, who was their elected governor 30 times • Believed that non-Puritans would corrupt their “errand into the wilderness’ • Only 7,000 people by the 1690s

  6. “A City Upon a Hill”

  7. The Massachusetts Bay Colony • Founded by Puritans in 1630 who wished to escape potential persecution by Charles I • More than 1,000 settlers, many who were educated & well-off • Will come to specialize in shipbuilding & timber as industries • Increased in size during the Great Migration of the 1630s • John Winthrop called it “a city upon a hill’ –their covenant with God to build a holy society • Only church members ‘freemen’ could vote on provincial matters • In most towns, all propertied men could vote • Everyone paid taxes to support the church • Clergymen could not hold political office

  8. The Great ‘Puritan’ Migration, 1630-40

  9. ‘Rogues Island’ • Rhode Island became home to theological dissidents exiled from Massachusetts Bay • Anne Hutchinson -1638 • Holy life was no sign of salvation • Roger Williams -1635 • Civil gov’t cannot regulate religious behavior • Founded the city of Providence as a place of religious toleration for all faiths, including Jews

  10. Connecticut Colony • Founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker in 1639 & other Boston Puritans • Fertile region of New England • Produced first written constitution, The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

  11. War & Peace in the Puritan World • 1643, Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven formed the New England Confederation of Puritan colonies due to a lack of British support during the English Civil War • Destroyed the Pequot tribe by uniting with the Narragansett Indians in Connecticut during the 1637 Pequot War • 1675, King Phillip’s War, the Wampanoag Indians united with other tribes to stop the spread of Puritans into Western Massachusetts

  12. Diversity in the Middle Colonies • Colony of New Netherland established by the Dutch Republic in 1624 • As a port city, a diverse population of Swedes, Finns, Germans and Africans emerged • New York established in 1664 after the British invade Manhattan island and surrounding lands • New Jersey (proprietary colony) will split into 2 colonies due to land purchases by Quakers • Delaware will not have its own governance until after the Revolution • Middle colonies will become heavy exporters of grain & lumber

  13. Quakers in America • Quakerism was persecuted in England for turning away from the Calvinist belief in predestination • Everyone possessed an “inner light” that offered salvation • Egalitarian; no titles, no oaths, no clergy, no slavery • 1681, William Penn secures a grant for his ‘holy experiment’ of Pennsylvania • Advertised honestly for skilled workers & offered freedom of worship • Philadelphia, planned city, unlike most colonial settlements

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