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Average 64 41 out of 74 above the average 80% or higher – 11 = 15 th percentile 70% - 79 – 15 = 35 th percentile 60 – 69 – 26 = 70% percentile 50 - 60 – 14 = 89% percentile Other - 8. Chapter 5. Business Level Strategy. How are we going to compete in our industry/segment?
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Average 64 • 41 out of 74 above the average • 80% or higher – 11 = 15th percentile • 70% - 79 – 15 = 35th percentile • 60 – 69 – 26 = 70% percentile • 50 - 60 – 14 = 89% percentile • Other - 8
Business Level Strategy How are we going to compete in our industry/segment? Improving the firm’s competitive position Competitive advantages are the single most dependable contributor to above-average profitability
Porter’s Generic Strategies • Two fundamental issues • Competitive advantage - low cost vs. differentiation • Strategic Target - broad based vs. segment • Pursuit of the generic strategies provides protection from each of the five forces
Porter’s Generic Strategies Low Cost Competitive Advantage Differentiation
Porter’s Generic Strategies Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies Focused Low-Cost Overall Low-Cost Low Cost Competitive Advantage Broad Differentiation Focused Differentiation Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies NOT one of Porter’s Generic Strategies Low Cost Best-Cost Provider Competitive Advantage Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies WalMart Domino’s Low Cost Competitive Advantage Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies WalMart Domino’s Grocery Outlet Little Caesar’s Low Cost Competitive Advantage Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies WalMart Dominos’s Big Lots Lil Caesar’s Low Cost Competitive Advantage Target Papa John’s Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Porter’s Generic Strategies WalMart Domino’s Big Lots Little Caesar’s Low Cost Competitive Advantage Target Papa John’s Nordstrom Papa Murphy’s Differentiation Broad Segment/Focus Strategic Target
Differentiation • Offer attributes that customers want, and are willing to pay for. Leads to premium price, higher volume, loyalty • Maintaining uniqueness can be a challenge • Kodak, Wrigley’s, Campbell’s, Coca-Cola, Gillette, Del Monte, and Nabisco all leaders since 1923 • Marginal revenue must exceed the costs of differentiation PERCEIVED VALUE versus INCREMENTAL COSTS
Differentiation (cont.) • What firms pursue differentiation? • How or on what basis do they achieve differentiation?
Starbuck’s Differentiation • 4 Tablespoons of $10 bag = 40 cents • Three cups • Double-Tall Latte = $3.22 • Double Shot Espresso = $1.85 • $3.22 - $1.85 = $1.37 for steamed milk • 20 seconds to steam milk • $1.37 * 3 * 60 = $246 a hour to steam milk • Customers “allow” Starbucks to draw interest in their smart-cards. • Millions of dollars annually on the float • “You are one of us” • “Collectible” • Pretax profit margins of 10.5%
Differentiation (cont.) • Signalling important when: • nature of differentiation difficult to quantify • first-time purchase – • re-purchase infrequent • buyers unsophisticated
To introduce his beer, Coors often gave free sample to gold miners.
Differentiation (cont.) • Risky when: • quick imitation • no value in uniqueness • over differentiation • cell phones • premium price • costs too high • poorly understood/changing customer needs • Minivan, FAO Schwartz • costs/price become more important than uniqueness • unwillingness to offer true differentiation
Can you differentiate…..? • Salt?
Can you differentiate…..? • Deodorant
Strong enough for a man, …. But made for a woman
Can you differentiate…..? • Water
Evian spelled backwards - naïve • Coincidence? I think not…..
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