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Redefining Community Development

Redefining Community Development. Chris Walker Director of Research Local Initiatives Support Corporation Meeting of the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership Baltimore November 12, 2008. Community Development – Traditional Conceptions. Market Regeneration Goal

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Redefining Community Development

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  1. Redefining Community Development Chris Walker Director of Research Local Initiatives Support Corporation Meeting of the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership Baltimore November 12, 2008

  2. Community Development – Traditional Conceptions Market Regeneration Goal Real-Estate Strategy Transaction-Focused Housing Production Emphasis System-Building Tied to Finance

  3. Community Development – New Conceptions Market Regeneration Community Supports Real-Estate Strategy Multiple Strategies Transaction-Focused Community-Focused Housing Production Multiple Domains Financial Systems Institutional Systems

  4. One Vision of Comprehensiveness Housing Increased diversity of housing options across tenure, income, and affordability groups Increased residential opportunities for those who work locally Economy and Workforce Increased export of goods, services, and labor Increased opportunities to work in accessible, upwardly mobile jobs Improved access to high-quality shopping Improved transportation access Community Quality and Safety More attractive physical amenities Safer places for residents and visitors Improved public urban services Improved overall quality of life Community Institutions and Relationships Strengthened community-based institutions and local anchors Increased bridging and bonding capital Increased idea and resource contributions from local institutions Increased resident willingness and ability to contribute to the community Social and Health Services Broadened opportunities for childcare, youth development, health, and social services for special needs populations Education and Culture Higher quality educational opportunities for children and adults Improved access to connective technologies Widened access to arts and cultural opportunities

  5. Community Power Community-Based Program Delivery System-Formation Accountability

  6. LISC Sustainable Communities Sites Buffalo Michigan Statewide Boston Milwaukee Cincinnati Indianapolis Twin Cities Detroit Duluth Washington State Chicago Hartford & CT Statewide Toledo Rhode Island New York City Greater Newark Philadelphia Bay Area Washington, D.C. Los Angeles Virginia Statewide San Diego Phoenix Greater Kansas City Mid South Delta Jacksonville Houston 30 Local Urban Programs South Florida Rural LISC Sites in 36 States

  7. LISC Sustainable Communities Sites Milwaukee Indianapolis Twin Cities Detroit Duluth Chicago Rhode Island Bay Area Washington, D.C. Greater Kansas City 30 Local Urban Programs Rural Pennsylvania Rural LISC Sites in 36 States

  8. Five Sustainable Communities Domains • Expanding Investment in Real Estate • Increasing Family Income and Wealth • Stimulating Economic Activity • Improving Access to Education • Supporting Healthy Environments and Lifestyles

  9. HOUSING PRODUCTION: Range of affordable housing options (rental, homeownership) for different kinds of populations (families, seniors, formerly homeless). Expanding Investment in Real Estate Near North Apartments in Chicago • Total project cost: $11.2M • 96 units for very low-income disabled adults and former public housing residents earning under 30% AMI • Located near notorious Cabrini Green public housing project • Includes green elements: roof-mounted wind turbines, solar thermal collectors, rainwater recycling system

  10. LARGE-SCALE REAL ESTATE PROJECTS: Higher-impact projects to spur other local development to create vibrant “destination” locations. Expanding Investment in Real Estate Fruitvale neighborhood in Oakland, CA Fruitvale Village (2003) • $60 M mixed-use project near BART • 90,000 sq.ft. retail / community space • 47 mixed-income apartments Spin-off Development • 27,000 sq.ft. commercial space for pharmacy and indoor market • 26,000 sq.ft. medical and dental center

  11. HOMEOWNERSHIP: Creating opportunities for low-income residents to become and remain homeowners through a range of ownership types (coop, condo, single-family). Increasing Family Income and Wealth The Metropolitan, Washington, DC • Total project cost: $7.2 M • Tenant purchase and conversion of 162 units into limited equity cooperative • Asset building opportunity for long-time residents

  12. CENTERS FOR WORKING FAMILIES: Neighborhood-based access to job and career opportunities, financial counseling, tax preparation services and public benefits screening. Increasing Family Income and Wealth Centers for Working Families, Chicago • Converted network of 10 employment programs into Centers for more comprehensive services • Annually, the 10 Centers serve: • 4,000 for workforce development • 700 for financial counseling • 5,000 for tax preparation services (over $7M in 2006 refunds)

  13. COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS: Residents, merchants and community groups create and implement vision for revitalizing neighborhood business districts through renovations, upgrades, marketing, small business assistance. Stimulating Economic Activity Centro de Oro, Philadelphia • Arts and cultural strategy: • Promotions – concerts, art walks, festivals • Murals and other public art installations • 100,000 square feet of community/retail space • 82 businesses attracted or expanded • 292 jobs created or retained • Vacancy rate dropped 25% since 2003

  14. Service-Learning: Pairing schools and community organizations to improve academic achievement and civic engagement. Technical assistance from the National Service-Learning Partnership Improving Access to Education McCaskey High School, Lancaster, PA • 2-year project with Housing Development Corporation (HDC) • Through public leadership class, 90 students: • Studied affordable housing issues through readings, guest speakers and visits to shelters • Administered needs survey to HDC residents • Analyzed survey to identify resident needs • Presented survey findings to residents and public officials • Built a new playground to address need for a safe, outdoor play space for children Students at June 2007 playground

  15. YOUTH CENTERS: Developing recreation and arts facilities that encourage physical fitness and offer youth constructive ways to spend out of school time. Supporting Healthy Environments and Lifestyles Dance Institute of Washington in Washington, DC • Total project cost: $3.8M • 16,000 square foot mixed-use facility: • 4 state-of-the-art dance studios • Office space • Child care center • Expanded youth served from 350 to 700

  16. Supporting Healthy Environments and Lifestyles CHILD CARE: Increasing the supply of quality, affordable child care facilities where parents can entrust their children while they are at work. Korean Youth & Community Center in Los Angeles • Total project cost: $1.6M • State Farm investment: $750,000 loan • 6,700 square foot child care facility • Serves 55 families in the Koreatown/Mid-City area • Offers parenting classes, health screenings and nutrition programs

  17. Comprehensiveness in Quad Communities

  18. Economic Development: • Cottage Grove Commercial Corridor • The Shops at 47th CHICAGO LISC: QUAD COMMUNITIES • Education: • Donoghue Charter Elementary • Dyett High School Increasing Family Income: Center for Working Families • Healthy Lifestyles: • Reavis Elementary/ Komed Health Partners • Little Black Pearl Youth Center • Capital Investment: • Oakwood Shores • 41st & Ellis • Liberty Sq.

  19. Community-Driven Planning • Specific and responsive community Quality-of-Life Plans • Intensive one-one organizing for sustained engagement Community-Based Program Delivery • Lead agency to engage, deliver programs, organize partnership • Community partners to diversify constituencies, programs Systemic Support • Civic partnerships across community domains • Robust intermediation across domains and levels Regime of Accountability • Layered scheme of monitoring and sanction • Measuring progress & impact at the community level.

  20. Role of Information and Analysis Market and Community Diagnosis Program Performance Program Impact

  21. Excelsior (Bay Area) Congress Heights (DC) Lower San Antonio (Bay Area) Portola (Bay Area) Ivy City (DC) Northeast (Indianapolis) Southwest (Indianapolis) Northwest (Indianapolis) Douglass-Sumner (Kansas City) Scarritt Rennaissance (Kansas City) Main Street Riverfront (Rhode Island) St. Peter-Waterway (Kansas City) Olneyville (Rhode Island) Lower Bernon (Rhode Island) Uniontown (Rural PA) Central Hillside (Duluth) Connellsville (Rural PA) Dayton's Bluff (Twin Cities) East Hillside (Duluth) Payne-Phalen (Twin Cities) Lincoln Park (Duluth) Near East (Indianapolis) Southeast (Indianapolis) Fairmount Constitution Hill (Rhode Island) Bayview Hunters Point (Bay Area) Susquehanna (Rural PA) Northwest (Detroit) Eastlake (Bay Area) Near West (Indianapolis) Fruitvale (Bay Area) Richmond (Bay Area) Blue Hills North (Kansas City) Visitacion Valley (Bay Area) Harambee (Milwaukee) Central Woodward (Detroit) East Regional (Detroit) Washington Park (Milwaukee) Northeast Regional (Detroit) Southwest Regional (Detroit) Tamaqua (Rural PA) Morgan Park (Duluth) West Duluth (Duluth) Downtown Kansas City (Kansas City) Ivanhoe Northwest (Kansas City) Phillips (Twin Cities) 1990-2000 Population Change 1 3 5 1990-2000 Poverty Population Change 2 4 Data Source: US Census 2000

  22. Average Income of Mortgage Borrowers in Sustainable Communities Neighborhoods 1993 – 2006 Data Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data 1993-2006

  23. Average Home Purchase Mortgage Loan Amounts in Sustainable Communities Neighborhoods 1993 - 2006 Data Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data 1993-2006

  24. Average Change in Resident Job Holding in Sustainable Communities Neighborhoods by Neighborhood Group 2002-04

  25. IRS v. Census Measures of HH Change

  26. IRS v. Census Measures of Income Change

  27. Redefining Community Development Chris Walker Director of Research Local Initiatives Support Corporation Meeting of the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership Baltimore November 12, 2008

  28. Community Power Political empowerment to get or defend community goods Breakdowns in institutionalization, delivery of tangible benefits Community capacity to effect concrete change Breakdowns in scale, scarcity, accountability

  29. Strategic Supports for Comprehensiveness • Community-Driven Planning • Specific and responsive community Quality-of-Life Plans • Intensive one-one organizing leading to sustained community engagement • Community-Based Program Delivery • Lead agency to organize involvement, deliver programs, organize partnership • Strong community partners to diversify constituencies, deliver diverse programs • Systemic Support • Civic partnerships across community domains • Robust intermediation across domains and levels • Regime of Accountability • Layered scheme of monitoring and sanction • Measuring progress & impact at the community level.

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