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Use of Handheld Electronic Devices for Census Data Collection

Use of Handheld Electronic Devices for Census Data Collection. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20-23 March 2017 Presented by: Ayenika Godheart Mbiydzenyuy

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Use of Handheld Electronic Devices for Census Data Collection

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  1. Use of Handheld Electronic Devices for Census Data Collection • United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies • Lusaka, Zambia, 20-23 March 2017 • Presented by: Ayenika Godheart Mbiydzenyuy • Statistician ECA

  2. Outline • Background • Mobile devices hardware for data collection • Data collection System • Transmission of Collected Data • The desirable features of the geographic information system (GIS) mobile devices • The Right Technology Services • Data Quality • Procedures for Receiving, Collating, Analyzing and Data Aggregation using Mobile Devices • Data Dissemination • Conclusion

  3. Background Within its framework and mandate to promote Africa’s sustainable development, ECA is committed to assist member States to build their statistical capacities as well as to work with its development partners to strengthen the National Statistical Systems (NSS) through enhancing the National Strategies for the Development of Statistics (NSDS). ECA is leveraging the use of electronic devices as a new innovative and transformative tool in data collection aimed at assisting the member states in producing and disseminating quality data for their environment and socio-economic development through a Development Account project. This initiative is motivated by the remarkable advantages of mobile devices over traditional survey methods in data collection expressed in terms of both efficiency (in sense of cost and time) and effectiveness (in sense of data quality) which in turn represent the main objectives of mobile devices systems such as those using the Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) approach in data collection, data processing and data dissemination.

  4. Mobile devices hard/software for data collection • Mobile device is a small handheld device having computing power and a display screen with keyboard. It also has an operating system (OS), and can run various types of application software, known as apps. Most mobile devices can also be equipped with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS capabilities that can allow connections to the Internet and other Bluetooth capable devices. A camera or media player feature for video or music files can also be found on such devices. There are many types of mobile devices, the commonest among them being, mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, pagers and Personal Navigation Devices. • Category of mobile devices: • Mobile phones are grouped in to two classes: feature and smart phones. Feature phones are limited in capabilities in contrast to smartphones. They typically provide voice calling and text messaging functionality, in addition to basic multimedia and internet capabilities, and other services offered by the service provider. Smartphones on the other hand have advanced computing capability and connectivity than feature phones. They include the features of a feature phone plus the features of a touchscreen computer, including web browsing, Wi-Fi, 3rd-party apps, motion sensor. Smartphones also include feature of personal digital assistant, media players, digital camera, and GPS navigation unit. • Types of mobile devices: • Tablet PCs • Ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs) • Mobile internet devices (MIDS) • Smartphones • PDAs • Mobile Operating System • A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating system that is specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices. The mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs, called application programs, can run on mobile devices.

  5. Mobile devices hard/software for data collection The main features for a desirable mobile device

  6. Data collection System • Mobile applications or mobile apps are applications developed for small handheld devices, such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs and so on. Mobile apps can come preloaded on the handheld device as well as can be downloaded by users from app stores or the Internet.You can find mobile apps on both feature phones and smartphones. The most popular smartphone platforms that support mobile apps are IOS, Android, Symbian, Windows Mobile, Java ME and Palm. • Category of mobile data collection system: • Open Data Kit (ODK) is a free and open-source set of tools which manage mobile data collection solutions. • CSEntry collects data for surveys created by the free Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) suite of data processing tools. CSEntry is used for computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) on Android phones and tablets. • EpiCollect is a free and open source project developed by Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology of the Imperial College London. It is a mobile app for the generation of forms (questionnaires) and freely hosted project websites for data collection. • iFormBuilder is a cloud based mobile data collection platform to collect data on mobile devices. It builds forms, and collect data with online and off-line. iFormBuilder app is available for android and iOS. • SurveyMonkey is one of the major online survey tool which has also capability on mobile devices. SurveyMonkey provides features to create and manage surveys on mobile interfaces. • SurveyToGo is a Mobile Data Collection Software that enables you to create, conduct & manage electronic mobile surveys. It provides both online and offline data collection support. SurveyToGo multiple language support and images, videos and voice can be recorded along with data collection. • FrontlineSMS has a large user base of organizations requiring SMS only forms. It can be simple to set up in the best case, but many users report a troublesome initial experience. • ViewWorld is a simple, quick, commercial tool with cloud hosting. The Android app is built on xForms / ODK, while the iOS version is proprietary.

  7. Data collection System Key criteria for selecting a mobile device

  8. Data collection System

  9. Data collection System

  10. Data collection System

  11. Transmission of Collected Data • National Data Center (NDC) needs a file collection mechanism to collect from and to send data to the primary sampling unit (PSU) on the field. Regular transmission of data from the field to Central Data Center (CDC) is vital for the management of data collected with mobile devices and for early detection and resolution of potential problems. In other hand, case assignment, questionnaire and application updates are very important issues that can improve logistical organization and data quality. • Fully web model • Flash drives based model • Partial web model • Voice • Short message service (SMS) or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)

  12. The desirable features of the Geographic Information System (GIS) mobile devices Key Features of MobileGIS Devices It is deemed advisable for mobile GIS devices being environmental friendly, light-weighted, mission specific, easy to learn and easy to configure before usage. Mobile GIS is the combination of geographic information system (GIS) software, global positioning systems (GPS), and mobile computing devices. Mobile GIS fundamentally changes the way information is collected, shared and used in the field. Mobile GIS allows for visualization of information in a digital map interface, this function permits the collection of information at observation points while interacting directly with the world around thereby improving productivity and data accuracy. Mobile GIS increases the accuracy and efficiency of data collection and expands access to spatial data in the field. Collecting spatial data within a GIS environment in the field improves the quality and accuracy of data while administrative and data entry intervals are minimized. Softwares designed to run on mobile computers usually have functionalities for GIS layering, map navigation, querying and hyper linkages. Standard data formats permits the display, query, edit, capture and support for optional GPS receivers functionalities and are capable to be used in desktop computers. • Standard Data Formats and Spatial Index of Features • Data Projections and Datum • Data Display and Data Query • Map Navigation • Map Querying • Map Display • Editing and Data Capturing • Form Creation Wizard • Supporting GPS Receivers

  13. Mobile GIS Supports the Following Data Capture Options • These devices support points mode digitalization, positioning averaging when capturing a point feature. Adjustments for vertices in polygons and polylines as well as pause the capturing of GPS lines or polygon features. Data capturing can be suspended and resumes later-on or in the night this maximizes the thresholds of errors. Alarm clocks are part of the device system and can be used to signal and regulate several actions undertaken while using these devices Mobile GIS as a Tool for Supporting Desktops • Soft wares have been customized to support desktops and handheld devices, questionnaire forms can be designed on desktops and transferred into the mobile GIS environment. Equally, map files can be created as well as converted on desktops before loading data into the mobile GIS environment. Internationals and Native Languages • Several international and native languages are developed as part of these devices making it possible for massive usage of these devices. Customizing the Mobile GIS Framework • In customizing the Mobile GIS Support framework, care is taken for these devices and their softwares to integrate new technologies such as: i) digital cameras; ii) monitoring devices; iii) adds-on hard wares and soft wares etc. Different specific applications have been developed to solve particular problems while using these devices. These applications have been customized to collect data for specific areas such as; crime, hydrology, defends, forestry, mining etc. Hardware System Requirements of Mobile GIS Devices • Mobile GIS devices support traditional hard wares such as desktops, laptops, tablets, cell phones etc. These devices exhibits varieties of deployment options for mobile windows, pocket PCs, chips, palm notes, pen computers etc. The hard ware requirements are 32 or more MB, 133 or more MHZ processors, 10 or more MB free disk for storage, color display, memory card adds-on, extra-maps adds-on etc. GIS Cloud Mobile Data Collection Application •  Mobile devices enable the collection of data and conducting of field surveys faster and easier.

  14. The Right Technology Services Data collection with mobile devices is based on appropriate IT infrastructures, equipment's and software. In previous sections, we have seen mobile device’s hardware for data collection, software and key features of mobile GIS devices. This chapter aims to give some orientation to determine which technology and services will be the most appropriate when an institution plan to collect data using mobile devices. The technology in question here concerns the choice of several components, namely: •Technical equipment : Involvedly devices and accessories to collect data and any other necessary equipment, including computers and / or servers for data centralization; •Software to use to develop applications for data collection, control, transfer, aggregation and communication; •The technology used for mobile data management system. These three components are interrelated. Decisions take for a component strongly influence or limit choices options available for others. For example, if you decide to collect data with a simple phone using SMS as data transmission system, software for data collection is not required. • The right technical equipment's • Mobile devices for statistical data collection can range from simple phone that can only be used for phone-calls, sending SMS’s and USSD’s, to specialized devices such as smart phone, tablets and notebooks. • The right software • The software must cover at least data collection, data control and verification, data transfer, data validation and data quality. All these features might be available in a single software. It’s also possible to use different softwares. • Software for data collection, control, validation and transfer is mainly required for smart phones, tablets and notebooks. It might not required for simple phones used for sending data through voice, SMS or USSD. But software for data aggregation and data quality is required whatever the mobile device used for data collection.

  15. DataQuality Data quality is a multi-dimensional concept and is commonly described as the degree to which data are “fit for use”. The fitness of the data may be described as having the availability of data of high quality to the user at the right time. Data quality is ensured when clear standards were developed. The standard may be based or guided by the U.N. Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and other data quality objectives set by other international, regional or national organizations.

  16. Thank you! African Centre for Statistics Visit us at http:www.uneca.org 16

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