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The Second Intermediate Period ( 1660-1539)

The Second Intermediate Period (1660-1539 BCE) marks a pivotal era in ancient Egyptian history, characterized by the fragmentation of the Middle Kingdom and the emergence of foreign rulers known as the Hyksos. This period includes Dynasty 13, which shows signs of decline, followed by Dynasty 14 in Lower Egypt, and the rise of Dynasties 15 and 16, dominated by Hyksos kings like Salitis and Apepi. The Theban Dynasty 17 emerged as a response to the foreign domination, led by figures like Sekenenre Tao II and Kamose, who sought to reclaim Egypt's sovereignty.

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The Second Intermediate Period ( 1660-1539)

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  1. The Second Intermediate Period(1660-1539) • Dynasty 13 (crumbling Middle Kingdom dynasty) • Dynasty 14 (Lower Egypt) • Dynasties 15 and 16 (Hyksos) • Dynasty 17 (Theban) Key Terms Hyksos Sheshi (Salitis) Apepi (Apophis) Sekenenre Tao II Kamose

  2. A group of people labled Hyksos entering Egypt. From the tomb of a 12th dynasty king Khnumhotep II at Beni Hasan. The glyphs above the head of the first animal spell out Hyksos.

  3. Tell el-Dab’a (Avaris) Warrior Tomb

  4. Kamose’s Stela

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