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The history of astronomy!

The history of astronomy!. We expand our knowledge by adding to what people before us discovered. In science, we do not study Astrology.

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The history of astronomy!

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  1. The history of astronomy!

  2. We expand our knowledge by adding to what people before us discovered.

  3. In science, we do not study Astrology. Astrology is the belief that the location of the stars and planets on the day you were born determines your personality and your life. Not based on any scientific evidence!

  4. Humans have built stone structures all over the world to track the celestial objects. Many are very famous tourist attractions today.

  5. Stonehenge is one very famous rock formation that indicates that prehistoric people of England used the stars to help them keep track of time and the seasons. Stonehenge today http://www.english-heritage.org.uk

  6. http://www.english-heritage.org.uk It seems to have been designed to allow for observation of astronomical phenomena - summer and winter solstices, eclipses, and more.

  7. Why would they care?!? • To know when crops could be safely planted. • To know when crops needed to be harvested. 3. To try to understand their world!

  8. The ancient Greeks were some of the first people to try to explain why natural events occurred without reference to supernatural causes. http://www.thalamus-books.com/books_hunt_living_in_ancient_greece.html

  9. Ptolemy A.D.140 http://web.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/ptolemy.html Reasoned that the Earth was the center of the universe.

  10. People believed his “geocentric” system for 1500 years. Why: Because visually, it appeared to be correct.

  11. His evidence: *The moon circled the earth. *The sun seemed to circle the earth too. *He concluded that the stars must also. His problem: *Planet motions would not fit. *This idea is called GEOCENTRIC.

  12. http://www.shef.ac.uk/physics/people/vdhillon/teaching/phy105/phy105_ptolemy.htmlhttp://www.shef.ac.uk/physics/people/vdhillon/teaching/phy105/phy105_ptolemy.html Ptolemy’s model Notice where the sun is!

  13. Early astronomers looked for patterns and mathematical relationships. Astronomers wanted to find evidence to support or reject Ptolemy’s ideas.

  14. Nicholas Copernicus Polish Astronomer Mathematician Early 1500’s http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/copernicus.html

  15. Found evidence for the idea of a heliocentric system. • Said that the moon revolved around the earth. 3.The earth rotated to cause day and night. • Motions of planets could be explained easily with his system. • The earth revolved around the sun to cause a year.

  16. Copernicus died before he learned what an uproar his ideas would cause! He did suspect, because he waited until just before he died to publish his work!

  17. Tycho Brahe 1546-1601 http://fcomby.tripod.com/Astronomia/cop.html

  18. Tycho Brahe collected quantitative data for many years. Often he did not see the relationships among his data, but kept it anyway.

  19. 1. First to predict that orbits were not circular. • Measured length of day to within 1 second. 3. Data later used to prove that the planets orbit the sun.

  20. JOHANNES KEPLER 1571 TO 1630 NASA

  21. Kepler was an assistant to Tycho in the late 1500s. Took Tycho’s years of observations and used math to come up with his three laws of planetary motion.

  22. 1. Figured out that planets closer to the sun feel a stronger solar force and therefore move faster. • Used Tycho’s data to • mathematically figure out that • planets’ orbits are not round.

  23. Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/images/scie_galileo2.jpg

  24. 1. Did not invent the telescope but did improve it. 2. First to turn the scope to the sky to study astronomy. 3. Saw that there were features on the moon. Highlands and maria. 4. Discovered sunspots and that they proved the sun was not perfect and turned on its axis.

  25. Saw 4 moons of Jupiter that looked like a mini solar system. • This helped prove that Earth was revolving around the sun. 8. Saw that Venus went through phases like the moon – indicating change in angle. 7. Used experiments to prove and disprove ideas.

  26. View through a telescope showing rotating moons of Jupiter. NASA

  27. Picture of Galileo’s original drawings of Saturn and Venus. sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov Photo of Venus going through phases like the moon.

  28. Galileo's telescope Used lenses lined up in a row. alpha.montclair.edu

  29. And then came - Sir Isaac Newton

  30. He determined that the balance between inertia and gravity keeps planets in orbit.

  31. Inertia - - - - The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain at rest.

  32. Gravity - - - - The attractive force between objects - the force depends on the mass of the two objects.

  33. He needed a new style of math to complete his calculations - sooooo

  34. One summer he invented calculus!

  35. Newton invented a new telescope using mirrors. Newton’s Telescope http://physics.bemidjistate.edu/archives/newton-telescope.gif

  36. Newtonian Reflector telescope uses mirrors.

  37. A “Newtonian” telescope used today. http://astronomica.supereva.it/img/Seben_Big_Boss_1400-150mm_Telescope_.JPG

  38. Any questions??

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