INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION is the period from the Civil War to the early 1900s. Advances in industry, communication, transportation, and agriculture contributed ideas that changed life for the whole world.

4. 5-3.1 Explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new inventions and technologies, including: • methods of mass production and transportation • the invention of the light bulb, the telegraph, and the telephone.

5. Mass production—was a system in which one laborer would learn a single step in the production of a product. Production increased, but the worker was often bored.

6. The assembly line was an adjustment to the division of labor system. Revolving around the idea of a conveying belt, and using interchangeable parts, it lowered the cost of labor. Production was increased and the cost saved was passed to the consumers.

7. Interchangeable Parts

8. Mass transportation allowed workers in densely populated areas to get to work. People could live away from the city. Most Eastern cities had horse-drawn carriages and steam railroads built on elevated tracks.

9. Intercity trains followed, as did cable cars, electric streetcars or trolleys and finally subway systems and automobiles.

10. So as you can see, the major changes in the United States was because we were moving from an AGRICULTURAL society to an MANUFACTURING society!

11. 5-3.2 Identify prominent inventors and scientists of the period and summarize their inventions or discoveries, including: • Thomas Edison • Alexander Graham Bell • The Wright Brothers • Albert Einstein.

12. Thomas Edison

13. Thomas Edison • born February 11, 1847 in Ohio • very little formal education • scarlet fever at age 14 left him 100% deaf in left ear and 80% in right • loved to read and had many jobs • not a good money manager • died October 18, 1931 at age 84

14. Thomas Edison invented… • electric light bulb • system for generating and distributing electricity • phonograph, vitascope, dictaphone, mimeograph, storage battery • made improvements to the telephone and added sound to movies

15. “Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” ~Thomas Edison

16. Alexander Graham Bell He built a machine that could speak.

17. Alexander Graham Bell • born in Scotland in 1847 • his father was a teacher; his mother was deaf • he was good at music and science • taught deaf students during the day; experimented with sound at night • began working with Tom Watson

18. Alexander Graham Bell… • 1876 invented the telephone • 1915 made the first telephone call across the United States • had ideas for solar energy and energy from methane gas • had the idea to remove water vapor from air, and help the deaf

19. “A man, as a general rule, owes very little to what he is born with – a man is what he makes of himself.” ~Alexander Graham Bell

20. The Wright Brothers

21. The Wright Brothers • Wilbur was born April 16, 1867 in Millville, Indiana • Orville was born August 19, 1871 in Dayton, Ohio • worked in printing, machinery design, newspaper publishing, and in bicycle manufacturing (which financed their flying experiments)

22. The Wright Brothers • neither attended college • they founded the Wright Company to build and produce airplanes for the U.S. Army • Wilbur died suddenly in 1912 of typhoid fever • Orville died in 1948

23. The Wright Brothers • they achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in 1903 with a heavier-than-air flying machine at Kitty Hawk, NC • Orville flew for 12 seconds and went 120 feet; Wilbur flew 852 feet in 59 seconds (four flights that day)

24. A glider piloted by Wilbur Wright at Kitty Hawk.

25. “We could hardly wait to get up in the morning.” ~Wilbur Wright

26. Albert Einstein E=mc²

27. Albert Einstein • born in Germany on March 14, 1879 • enjoyed classical music and played the violin • won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 • died on April 18, 1955

28. Albert Einstein invented • scientific theories (energy and light) • E=mc2 is from his theory of relativity which states that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared • his ideas helped to pave the way for laser technology, nuclear energy, vacuum tube

29. “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” ~Albert Einstein

30. Inventors Cereal Each student will be given an important inventor and create a cereal box on that person. The idea comes from reading the back of your cereal box with your morning breakfast. The box may be a real cereal box wrapped and decorated with your knowledge of the Inventor. Instead of nutrition facts, you may make fun facts or fascinating facts of your person. You must include the following on your box: ___ Biography (the story of a person’s life written by another) ___ At least 8 fun facts about that persons’ life. ___ At least 1 picture or representation of your person ___ A box that will represent a cereal box ___ Explain why this person and their invention(s) were important in history. Grading Scale: 25-21 points = A; 20-16 points = B; 15-11 points = C; 10-6 points = D; 5 or less = F

31. Scoring Rubric

32. 5-3.3 Explain the effects of immigration and urbanization on the American economy during the Industrial Revolution, including: • role of immigrants in the work force • the growth of cities • the shift from an agrarian to an industrial economy • the rise of big business.

33. Immigrants in the Work Force • new arrivals had to find a place to live and a job • some started their own small business while others worked in factories, mines, and railroads

34. Immigrants in the Work Force • they faced hardship and prejudice • forced to take low-paying or undesirable jobs to make a living • children often worked in the mills, mines, or farms

35. The Growth of Cities • cities were overcrowded, dirty, and noisy • traffic was bad • violence increased • prejudice was aimed at immigrants

36. The Poor • tenements often had no windows, no heat, no inside bathrooms • outbreaks of disease were common • more than half of all babies died before their first birthday

37. The Middle Class • lived in row houses or new apartment buildings • diseases were kept under control • joined clubs and charity groups

38. The Rich • lived a lavish lifestyle in the prime parts of the cities

39. Virtual Field Trip to Ellis Island http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/

40. Economy: Agrarian to Industrial • the development of farm machinery reduced the need for rural labor • after the Civil War, blacks moved to the cities for better jobs and schools

41. The Rise of Big Business • they took risks to create wealth • provided jobs for many people • provided goods and services • destroyed competition

42. Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroads

43. Andrew Carnegie Steel

44. J. P. Morgan Banking

45. John D. Rockefeller Oil

47. 5-3.4 Summarize the significance of large-scale immigration and the contributions of immigrants to America in the early 1900s, including: • the countries from which they came • the opportunities and resistance they faced when they arrived • the cultural and economic contributions they made

48. So where did the immigrants come from?

49. Immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (1800s- 1900s) came increasingly from eastern and southern Europe. Before 1890 most immigrants came from western Europe (Ireland, Great Britain, Germany). We referred to these people as Anglo-Saxons.

50. Immigration from Europe After 1890: Eastern and Southern Europe Before 1890: Western Europe