The Early Republic George Washington 1 st President

1. The Early RepublicGeorge Washington 1st President 1789 - 1797

2. big ideas - Washington • Development of government / Economy • Foreign Policy • Relations with Native Americans • Expansion

3. Chapter 9 : The new Nation

5. A new NationWashington’s Presidency • Development of Government • Conflicts Thomas Jefferson VS Alexander Hamilton = emergence of two political parties. • The economic policy that created the National Bank; examine its Constitutionality. • Whiskey Rebellion (1794) – the precedent set forth in the central government’ response. • Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) – the major points (neutrality and political parties). • Foreign policy • French Revolution (1789) – the effect the American Revolution had on France. • Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – America’s attempt to stay out of European conflicts • Expansion • Jay’s Treaty (1794) – America’s attempt of securing its northern border with Canada, encourages westward expansion. • Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) – securing the right to travel and trade through the lower Mississippi and through the port of New Orleans, encourages westward expansion. • Relations with Indian tribes • Treaty of Greenville (1794) – leading to settlement of the Ohio Valley

6. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 93 DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT

7. Ch. 9 / Pages 293- 307: Washington Washington’s Presidency • George Washington was the first president. • His every action as president would set a precedent. • Precedent is an example that would become standard practice, to be followed. # 1…. Setting Up The Courts The writers – the Constitution had left many matters to be decided by Congress. Precedent by President • Federal Judiciary Act set up a court system. • It gave the Supreme Court six members—1 Chief Justice and 5n Associate Justices.

8. Judiciary Graphic Organizer - Vocabulary

9. Washington’s PoliticsPrecedent: Cabinet • The Constitution gave Congress the task of creating departmentsto help the president lead the nation. • The President appoints the head departments. • The head department became the President’s Cabinet. • Appointments must be approved by Congress

10. Executive Branch • 1st President: Washington • Vice-President: John Adams • Cabinet • Secretary of War: Defense of the nation • Henry Knox • Secretary of State: Relations with foreign nations • Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury: Money & budget • Alexander Hamilton

11. Washington leads a new nation • Washington elected unanimously by electoral college to be 1st President • Precedents • Cabinet – advisors • Judiciary Act – judicial branch ( federal courts) • Neutrality

12. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 94 Economics

13. Economics Economic Problems • The U.S. owed $52 Million to France, The Netherlands, and Spain, ALSO to private US citizens. • The U.S. needed to pay its foreign & domestic debts, to show U.S. was responsible about money. • Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury ( finances $$$) He had an economic plan.

14. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Paying off all war debt. Including states’ debts. • Raising government revenues (profit)- through tariffs • Tariffs= tax on imports ( foreign goods) • Tariffs ensured a steady flow of income to the government • Raising $ for the government • Encouraging the growth of American industry • Creating a National Bank • National Bank gave the government a safe place to keep money. • National Bank made loans to businesses and government.

15. Reading • Workbook ( Blue book) Page 94 DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT

16. Interpreting The ConstitutionThe Constitution’s writers tried to make the Constitution general enough so that it would be flexible. The debate over Hamilton’s plan for a National Bank exposed differences about how to interpret the Constitution. Strict Construction Only what is written in the Constitution Madison and Jefferson said the U.S. could not have a National bank because it did not say so in the Constitution. They had a Strict Constructionor View of the Constitution– narrow, or strict interpretation of the Constitution. Only what the Constitution says … Loose Construction Flexible/ open to interpretation Hamilton Flexibility of the Constitution Elastic Clause Proper & Necessary “Bending the Constitution – Not breaking it” Constitution

17. Think – Pair- Share Have you ever felt like you were in the middle of a disagreement between two other people? What to do?

18. Development of Political parties Page 304 text book /97Blue book • Differences between Hamilton & Jefferson led to the emergence of two political parties • Political party = group of people who try to promote ideas and influence the government • Washington wanted America to stay neutral

19. Development of Political Parties – From the differences of Hamilton & Jefferson Definition of Political Parties _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

20. Hamilton VS Jefferson Hamilton • Loose interpretation of Constitution • Strong National Gov. • Wealthy & Educated • Manufacture & Industry • National Bank • Favored Tariffs Jefferson • Strict interpretation of Constitution • Strong States’ Gov. • Common People • Agrarian economy – agriculture/ farming • Opposed national Bank • Favored Free Trade

21. Worksheet • Individual work • Class Discussion Reading Comprehension Summarization Visual Representations

22. Challenges to the New Government Problems with Native Americans Cause: Land in Northwest Territory / Battle of Fallen Timbers Effect: Greenville Treaty – Native Americans lost land Problems with Farmers Cause: Taxes on Whiskey Effect: Whiskey Rebellion & reaction of national government – controlling the situation

24. Problems with Foreign Nations Who? USA VS Britain Problem? • Britain still have military forts on American Territory • Attack of American Ships & Impressment Solution? Jays’ Treaty

25. Problems with Foreign Nations Who? USA VS Spain Problem? • Border dispute between US & Florida ( Spain) • Spain closed New Orleans Port & access to Mississippi River – hurt American economy Solution? Pinckney’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty

26. Washington’s Farewell Address • Washington’s Last Speech as President • Retiring – say good bye & Warned nation • Against political parties • Against permanent alliances with Foreign nations • Recommend • Stay Neutral • National Unity

27. Chapter 9 : The new Nation