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Carbon

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  1. Carbon • About half the dry weight of cells • Single bonds with O, H, N & C • Fee rotation • Tetrahedral (109.5 bond angle)

  2. Carbon • Double bonds with O, N, & C • Shorter bond (0.135 nm vs. 0.154 nm) • No rotation • Planar (120)

  3. Carbon

  4. Hydrocarbons • Aliphatic • Straight chain • Branched • Cyclic • Aromatic

  5. Functional Groups

  6. Functional Groups

  7. Functional Groups

  8. Functional Groups

  9. Functional Groups

  10. Functional Groups

  11. Geometric Isomers Differ in arrangement of their substituent groups with respect to double bonds Different chemical and physical properties

  12. Stereoisomers • Same bonds, but different configurations • Enantiomers – mirror images • Diastereomers – non-mirror images

  13. Stereoisomers

  14. Stereoisomers

  15. Stereoisomers D L

  16. Stereoisomers

  17. Stereochemistry – 3D structure • Enzyme – substrate • Hormone receptor – hormone • Transport protein • Neurotransmitter – receptor • Antibodies – foreign objects

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