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Landraces : Infra-specific Diversity & Adaptive Divergence

This exploration delves into the intricate relationship between wild emmer wheat and its domesticated counterparts, showcasing the adaptive divergences that have fostered diversity in this essential crop. A testament to the stewardship of farmers through centuries, it highlights the classification of cultivated wheats and their wild relatives, emphasizing the continuous evolution shaped by both natural and human influences. By understanding these dynamics, we celebrate the relevance of landraces in agriculture and their vital role in sustainable food systems.

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Landraces : Infra-specific Diversity & Adaptive Divergence

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  1. Landraces: Infra-specific Diversity & Adaptive Divergence Of an Endangered Evolutionary Link [2]

  2. Why abandon a “comfortable” way of life??

  3. Wheat Domestication

  4. A Very Special Wheat

  5. Thanks to those farmer who, over the centuries and out of curiosity, or probably neglect, managed to give wild emmer wheat a chance to persist and flourish.

  6. Classification of cultivated wheats and closely related wild species (Feldman, 1995) Species Genomes Wild Cultivated Hulled Hulled Free Threshing Diploid (2n=14) Aegilopsspeltoides S(G) All Ae. bicornisSb All Ae. longissimaSl All Ae. searsii Ss All Ae. squarossa D All T. urartu A All T. monococcum A varboeoticumvarmonococcumvarsinskajae (wild einkorn) (cult. einkorn) Tetraploid (2n=28) T timopheeviAG varararaticumvartimopheevivarmilitinae T turgidum AB vardicoccoidesvardicoccumvar durum (wild emmer) (cult emmer) varpolonicum varcarthlicum varturanicum Hexaploid (2n=42) T aestivumABD varspeltavaraestivum varmachavarcompactum varvaviloviivarspharococcum

  7. Domestication syndrome • Selection towards erect type • Synchronous tillering • Uniform ripening • High fertility (more seeds/spikelet) • Reduction of awns, glume thickness, and more grain investment (HI).

  8. Four Thousand Years!!From T. monococcumtoT.aestivum

  9. Contributions to the D genome • Multiple contributions of Ae. tauschii • Ae. tauschii & Ae. strangulata (subspecies) • Chromosome 2D played a critical role in the evolution of free threshing T. aestivum. • q Q [L5A] & Tg tg [S2D] • Q by itself is NOT enough to cause free-threshing habit.

  10. AA x BB = AABB x DD = AABBDD

  11. Man (woman) was “forced” to discover agriculture!!

  12. The history of cultivated wheat and that of human civilization have been closely interwoven!

  13. . • .

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