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Survey of Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids & Genetic Material

Explore the building blocks of genetic material, nucleic acids, and their components. Learn about nucleotides, DNA vs. RNA, base pairing, and structural features, including DNA double helix. Discover how to view protein structures using software tools.

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Survey of Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids & Genetic Material

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  1. SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRYNucleic Acids

  2. What are nucleic acids? • Building blocks of genetic material that a cell uses to direct cellular functions and heredity • 3 Components: Sugar Moiety Ribose (in RNA) Deoxyribose (in DNA)

  3. Ring Numbering in Ribose 5’ 4’ 1’ DNA lacks the2’-OH group 3’ 2’

  4. What are nucleic acids? • Building blocks of genetic material that a cell uses to direct cellular functions and heredity • 3 Components: Phosphate Moiety Phosphate Group Phosphoric Acid

  5. What are nucleic acids? • Building blocks of genetic material that a cell uses to direct cellular functions and heredity • 3 Components: 5 Nitrogenous Bases Guanine G PURINES Adenine A

  6. What are nucleic acids? • Building blocks of genetic material that a cell uses to direct cellular functions and heredity • 3 Components: 5 Nitrogenous Bases Cytosine C Thymine T Uracil U PYRIMIDINES

  7. Ring Numbering in Bases Adenine A 6 7 5 1 8 2 4 9 3

  8. Ring Numbering in Bases Cytosine C 4 5 3 2 6 1

  9. Nomenclature Base Nucleoside Nucleotide Adenine Adenosine Adenosine A Monophosphate Guanine Guanosine Guanosine G Monophosphate Etc. Study Table 3-1 for more details…

  10. How do nucleotides link?

  11. Base Pairing Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen

  12. Base Pairing Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen

  13. How Does RNA Differ from DNA? • Ribose vs. Deoxyribose • Bases and Base Pairing • T in DNA vs. U in RNA • A-T in DNA vs. A-U in RNA • 3D Structure • Role

  14. Protein Data Bank http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do

  15. Protein Data Bank • Download PDB file to Desktop • Use Freeware to View Contents • RasMol • PyMol • Swiss PDB Viewer • Protein Explorer

  16. Software for Viewing Structures • Rasmol • http://www.rasmol.org • Pymol • http://pymol.sourceforge.net • SwissPDB Viewer • http://www.expasy.ch/spdbv/ • Protein Explorer • http://www.umass.edu/microbio/chime/pe_beta/pe/protexpl/frntdoo2.htm

  17. DNA Double Helix

  18. DNA Structural Features • Handedness • Anti-parallel strands • Major and minor grooves

  19. Different Conformations of DNA

  20. DNA has incredible flexibility! Catabolite-ActivatorProtein (CAP) + DNA Yale (1991)

  21. DNA has incredible flexibility! DNA Octahedron Ned SeemanNYU International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering

  22. More on Friday… • Limitations to DNA Flexibility • Supercoiling and Topoisomerases • RNA Structure • Nucleic Acid Function • Recombinant DNA Technology • Potentially PRS questions…

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