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A Basic History

Explore the fascinating history of writing and communication, tracing its development from ancient sound symbols like the Hebrew shofar and Roman bucina to the intricate visual symbols found in Lascaux Cave paintings. Discover how early pictographs transformed into alphabets, the influence of the Greek and Phoenician scripts, and the revolution brought by Gutenberg's movable type. Examine the impact of the Black Death on the proliferation of paper and the rise of printing in the 15th century, marking a significant turning point in literacy and information dissemination.

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A Basic History

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  1. A Basic History

  2. Signal fire

  3. Hebrew shofar

  4. Roman bucina

  5. Cavalry bugle

  6. Semaphore tower

  7. Writing

  8. What is writing? • Turning sound symbols (talking) into visual symbols • Sound symbols are gone in an instant • Visual symbols can last forever

  9. Lascoux Cave painting ca. 17,000 BCE • Just a noun and a verb

  10. Marriage contract ca. 17,000 BCE -pictures reduced to essentials

  11. Pictures for abstractions

  12. Means “Man”

  13. Means “Soul”

  14. Hieroglyph syllables

  15. Hieroglyph letter - L

  16. Evolution of pictures to symbols

  17. Cuneiform

  18. Phoenician traders

  19. Symbols become an alphabetPhoenician ca. 1050 BCE

  20. ST What’s the word?

  21. Greek alphabet added vowels

  22. Caen

  23. L’chaim loch

  24. Hand written lasted 1000 years

  25. Illuminated text

  26. First change from handwriting to printing came in 888 CE The Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist scripture, created with block printing

  27. Chinese block printing – ca. 1000 CE

  28. Entire page with one block

  29. Chinese type – entire wordsca. 1040 CE

  30. Another little side trip

  31. The Black Death – 1347-1351

  32. After the Black Death people had two things: • Lots of money • A desire to enjoy life • Fun and games like fairs and celebrations • The fanciest clothes they could afford

  33. The rich wore silk and gold wire • The middle class wore woolens • Everyone wore linen, especially --

  34. Linen underwear

  35. What this has to do with printing • What was necessary to printing was paper • The only thing available up to this time was parchment, expensive and uncommon • Linen sheets and underwear wore out and were thrown away • Linen rags can be turned into paper

  36. Now there’s plenty of paper • Everyone uses it as trade and investing increases • Contracts • Record keeping • However, because of the Black Death there weren’t enough scribes for all the paperwork • Something had to be done

  37. The next, and greatest change in printing came in 1450 CE

  38. Johannes Gutenberg c. 1398-1468

  39. Moveable Type

  40. Gutenberg Press

  41. William Caxton – First printer in English

  42. Spelling was idiosyncratic

  43. Knight

  44. Knife

  45. First Folio of Shakespeare

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