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Symbols Indicating Specific Actions

This guide explores the symbolic annotation code introduced in the mid-1960s by Chess Informant, revolutionizing how chess games are documented and shared across language barriers. The symbolic system, often referred to as the "international annotation code," replaces traditional written notations with intuitive graphic symbols to convey specific actions, evaluations, and positions. Included are examples of symbols for check, checkmate, promotions, and various positional evaluations, enabling players to communicate their thoughts and analyses universally, regardless of language.

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Symbols Indicating Specific Actions

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  1. SymbolsIndicatingSpecificActions • e.p. "enpassant“ • O-O castlekingside (roque pequeno ) • O-O-O castlequeenside (roque grande) • = promotion (promoção) • x capture (captura) • + check(xeque) • ++ ou # checkmate(xeque-mate)

  2. SymbolicAnnotationCode In the mid 1960s, the first volume of Chess Informant (a three-times-per-year compendium of well-annotated games from recent top tournaments) introduced a symbolic code replacing written annotation with graphic images.  This code allowed players to share at least general ideas about a game, even if they didn't speak the same language.  The code system has been developed and refined in years since, and is now universally accepted by strong players throughout the world.  the symbols are sometimes referred to as "international annotation code" or "languageless commentary.“

  3. Moves evaluationsymbols ! an excellent move

  4. Moves evaluationsymbols !! brilliant move

  5. Moves evaluationsymbols ? a bad move

  6. Moves evaluationsymbols ?? a blunder

  7. Moves evaluationsymbols !? an interesting move, probably good

  8. Moves evaluationsymbols ?! an interesting move, probably bad

  9. Positionevaluationsymbols ∞ Unclear: It is unclear who (if anyone) has an advantage. 

  10. Positionevaluationsymbols =/∞ With compensation: Whoever is down in material has compensation for the material.

  11. Positionevaluationsymbols = Even position: White and Black have more or less equal chances.

  12. +/= Slight advantage: White has slightly better chances. • =/+ • Slight advantage: Blackhas slightly better chances.

  13. +/− ± Advantage: White has much better chances. • −/+ ∓ • Advantage: Black has much better chances.

  14. OtherSymbols † Space ↑↑ Development ↻ Development ⇄ Counterplay ∇ Countering Δ Idea

  15. OtherSymbols ªwith ºwithout ¬    ending          ®    bishops of opposite colors ¯    bishops of the same color −    the bishop pair 

  16. OtherSymbols «queenside »kingside ‘ rank or file ’    diagonal ‚    with an attack  ↑ Initiative: “    time trouble ”center

  17. OtherSymbols ‡zugzwang ™    the only reasonable move ¹    better is ‹    worse is ›    stronger is

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