Unit 14, Book Ⅰ

1. Unit 14, Book Ⅰ 郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室

2. Contents of Unit 14 • 1 Language Structures: Indirect Speech • 2 Dialogue Ⅰ: Two Kinds of Brain • 3 Dialogue Ⅱ: Reporting • 4 Reading • 5 Exercises

3. Language Structures • 1. when verbs in the main clauses are in the simple present tense, any tenses could be used in the indirect speech. • 2. when verbs in the main clauses are in the simple past tense, so the direct speech have to be reported with related past tense. Such as, the simple present changed into the simple past, the simple past into the past perfect, the future into the future in the past, etc. • 3. With a yes-no question in direct speech, there must also be a change in the word order, and the connective if or whether must be used. Moreover, there must also be changes in pronouns and possessive pronouns.

4. Language Structures • 4. Under the following situations, tense of the verbs in the subordinate clause remain unchanged • A. Reporting actual facts, scientific truth, motto and so on • i.e. He said, “the moon turns around the earth.” →He said the moon turns around the earth. • B. Verbs in direct speech are in subjunctive mood

5. Language Structures i.e. “ I suggest the meeting be put off till next week.” He said. →He suggested the meeting be put off till next week. C. The action or state maintains when reported “I’m forty.” he said. →He said he is forty D. The modal auxiliaries in direct speech do not have past forms. i.e. He said, “ I must walk to work.” →He said he must walk to work.

6. Dialogue Ⅰ • Language Points 1. gadget—n. A small specialized electronic device • 2. it wont be long before there’ll be no difference between a human brain and an electronic brain. • paraphrase: In the near future, an electronic brain will function as a human brain and think for human beings. • 3. These brain cells are interconnected in such a complicated way that we can’t begin to explain it as yet.

7. Dialogue Ⅰ • interconnected—adj. connect with one another • “inter” is a prefix that can be added to verbs, nouns, adjectives without changing their word class. It means “mutually, involving more than two parties”, “together between; from one to another” e.g. interchange (changes between two or more parties), interaction (reactions between two or more parties), international (involving two or more parties) • as yet—until now; then • e.g. As jet little is known of the causes of the disease. • 4. program—v. instruct (a computer) to do something by putting a program into it. • 5. enable…to do—cause/make …able to do…

8. Dialogue Ⅰ • 6. Perhaps it won’t be very long before we have a computer complex enough to match the human brain. • not…before…—without much delay • e.g. It was not long before Martin got to his feet. • 7. What I’m concerned about is that mankind is not only creating an electronic servant, but also a threatening rival. • be concerned about—be worried or troubled • rival—n. a thing, person, team, etc. that competes with another for the same object or in the same field • concern—v. be connected with; have as a subject; be the business of somebody • e.g. This report concerns human rights.

9. Dialogue Ⅰ • 8. be out of/ in luck—be fortunate/ unfortunate • be/ bring/ get/ keep/…under control—rule or master • be in control of something—direct, manage or rule something • be out of control—become no longer manageable • 9. groundless—without reason • e.g. His suspicions were groundless. Ⅲ. Have the students listen to recording of Dialogue Ⅱ and then sum up the main idea of the dialogue.

10. Reading Ⅰ • Ⅰ.Have the students discuss the following given topics and then present their opinions. • A. Can we develop truly intelligent machines ? And then explain why. • B. Can computer replace human beings in all aspects? Ⅱ.Language Points • 1. intelligent—adj. clever • intelligence—n. the capacity for understanding and reasoning; mental ability; secret information, especially about an actual or potential enemy. • 2. UAS has already developed machines that can be used as home-helps for old people unable to look after themselves and who are living on their own.

11. Reading Ⅰ • Home-helps refer to machines that can do housework. The adjective phrase unable to look after themselves and the relative clause who are living on their own are two modifiers of the two antecedents “people”. • on one’s own—by oneself • 3.be the equivalent of –be equal in value, quantity or significance • equivalence—n. state or quality of being equal • 4. sophisticated—adj. (of machines, methods, etc.) complex • 5. come down—(of prices, the temperature) become lower; fall

12. Reading Ⅰ • 6. If someone breaks in, it will… and send video pictures of the intruder to any place in the world. • intruder—n. person who enters without invitation • collocations: • break in—enter a building by force • break into—suddenly begin • break off—stop speaking • break out—suddenly start • break out of—escape from • break through—penetrate a place • break up—come to an end • break with sb—end a relation with

13. Exercises • Do the corresponding exercises in Workbook and explain the difficult points in them.