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Commands

This guide introduces the formation and use of Ud and Uds commands in Spanish. Learn the three essential steps: converting to the "yo" form of the present tense verb, dropping the "o," and adding the opposite endings for both positive and negative commands. Discover the nuances of spelling changes in certain verbs, irregular command forms, and the attachment of pronouns. Gain confidence in using Ud commands when addressing a single person and Uds commands when addressing groups, ensuring proper grammatical correctness.

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Commands

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  1. Commands

  2. Ud. / Uds. Commands • To form a Ud. / Uds. command you have three steps. • 1) Take the “yo” form of the present tense verb. • 2) Drop the “o” • 3) Add opposite endings.

  3. Ud. / Uds. Commands 3) Add opposite endings. • Ud. Commands • -ar verbs : Add -e • -er/-ir verbs: Add –a • Uds. Commands • ar verbs : Add -en • -er/-ir verbs: Add –an

  4. Ud. / Uds. Commands • Good news! You follow these rules for both positive and negative Ud. & Uds. commands. • You would use an Ud. command when talking to a teacher, stranger, etc. • You would use an Uds. commands when talking to more than one person.

  5. Ud. Uds Commands • There are 3 spelling changes that occur before adding the opposite ending. • -gar verbs, change ggu • jugar: ¡ (No) juegue(n)! • -car verbs, change cqu • tocar: ¡ (No) toque(n)! • -zar verbs, change zc • cruzar: ¡ (No) cruce(n)!

  6. Ud.Uds Commands • There are 5 verbs that have irregular command forms. (positive & negative) • ir – ¡ (No) vaya(n)! • ser – ¡ (No) sea(n)! • estar – ¡ (No) esté(n)! • dar – ¡ (No) dé / den ! • saber – ¡ No sepa(n) !

  7. + Ud.Uds. Commands • Pronouns are attached to positive Ud.Uds. commands. • Watch out for accents! • Do it! (la tarea) ¡Hágala! ¡Háganla! • Buy them! (los zapatos) ¡Cómprelos! ¡Cómprenlos! • Get up! (levantarse) ¡Levántese! ¡Levántense! • Tell me! ¡Dígame! ¡Díganme!

  8. - Ud./Uds. Commands • Pronouns always come before negative Ud.Uds commands. • Don’t do it! (la tarea) • ¡No la haga(n)! • Don’t buy them! (los zapatos)¡No los compre(n)! • Don’t get up! (levantarse) ¡No se levante(n)! • Don’t tell me! • ¡No me diga(n)!

  9. Irregular “yo” forms • “-go” verbs • tener  tengo • hacer  hago • salir  salgo • decir  digo • venir  vengo • poner  pongo • caer  caigo • traer  traigo • oír  oigo

  10. Irregular “yo” forms • Verbs that end in “-cer/”-cir” • Add a “z” in the “yo” form • conocer  conozco • pertenecer  pertenezco • conducir  conduzco • traducir traduzco • reducir  reduzco

  11. Irregular “yo” forms • Verbs that end in “-ger/”-gir” • gj in the “yo” form only • recoger  recojo • escoger  escojo • dirigir  dirijo

  12. Irregular “yo” forms • End in “-uer/”-uir” • Add a “y” • influir  influyo • construir  construyo • destruir destruyo

  13. Stem Changing Verbs • e ie “-ar” verbs • empezar • comenzar • pensar • sentarse • cerrar • despertarse

  14. Stem Changing Verbs • e ie “-er” verbs • querer • perder • entender • encender

  15. Stem Changing Verbs • e ie “-ir” verbs • divertirse • hervir • sentirse • preferir • mentir • sugerir

  16. Stem Changing Verbs • o ue “-ar” verbs • almorzar • acostarse • jugar

  17. Stem Changing Verbs • o ue “-er” verbs • poder • promover • volver • o ue “-ir” verbs • dormir • morir

  18. Stem Changing Verbs • e i “-ir” verbs only • vestirse • servir • pedir • seguir • conseguir • repetir • reír • freír

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