1 / 20

Marketing Essentials

Marketing Essentials. n Chapter 23 Purchasing. Section 23.1 The Role of the Buyer. SECTION 23.1. The Role of the Buyer. What You'll Learn. The terms used to describe organizational buyers How planning purchases differs between an industrial market and a reseller's market

kenny
Télécharger la présentation

Marketing Essentials

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Marketing Essentials nChapter 23 Purchasing Section 23.1 The Role of the Buyer

  2. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer What You'll Learn • The terms used to describe organizational buyers • How planning purchases differs between an industrial market and a reseller's market • The six-month merchandise plan and its calculations • The concept of chain store buying

  3. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Why It's Important • The purchasing function in any business is important because the costs associated with running a business are often a direct result of the competency of the person responsible for buying the goods and services required to run the business.

  4. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Key Terms • organizational buyers • wholesale and retail buyers • six-month merchandise plan • open-to-buy • centralized buying • decentralized buying

  5. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Planning Purchases • Businesses, like consumers, must plan: • what to buy • how much to buy • when and where to shop • Organizational buyers buy goods for businesses. Much of what they buy requires technical knowledge and/or knowledge of the operations of the firm, especially in manufacturing and service operations.

  6. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Industrial Marketing In manufacturing and service businesses, the people responsible for purchasing may be called purchasing managers, industrial buyers, or procurement managers. They are often directly involved in production planning. Slide 1 of 2

  7. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Industrial Marketing • A bill of materialsis the list of everything needed to make a product. It helps the purchasing manager determine what to buy, and how much to buy. • Materials requirement planning (MRP) helps determine when to buy, so supplies are ready when they are needed in the production schedule. Slide 2 of 2

  8. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Resellers Wholesale and retail buyers purchase goods for resale—they forecast customers’ needs and buy the necessary products. Buyers must plan far in advance of the selling season to know how much of each item to purchase.

  9. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Six-Month Merchandise Plan Buyers plan their purchases by preparing a six-month merchandise plan—or the budget that estimates planned purchases for a six-month period. First a buyer must determine planned sales, usually based on the previous year's sales. Slide 1 of 4

  10. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Six-Month Merchandise Plan • Buyers must ensure that there is enough stock to accommodate the planned sales volume; this is also known as beginning-of-the-month (BOM) inventory. It is calculated: • planned sales x stock-to-sales ratio = BOM • The BOM for one month is the same as the end-of-the-month inventory (EOM)for the prior month. Slide 2 of 4

  11. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Six-Month Merchandise Plan • The other number in the six-month merchandise plan is planned retail reductions, the reductions in the selling price and shortages of merchandise caused by clerical mistakes, employee pilferage, or customer shoplifting. This can be calculated: • as a percentage of sales or • as a percentage reduction from the prior year Slide 3 of 4

  12. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Six-Month Merchandise Plan • In order to determine how much to purchase, buyers use this formula: • (planned sales + EOM stock + reductions) - BOM stock = purchases Slide 4 of 4

  13. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Open-To-Buy • During the buying season, a buyer may wantto know the open-to-buy (OTB), or the amount of money left for buying goods. OTB is calculated as follows: • purchases – (goods received + goods ordered) Slide 1 of 2

  14. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Open-To-Buy • To determine the actual money the buyer has to spend, you must calculate markup percentage and deduct that figure from the retail value. • 100% - markup % = % attributed to cost • % attributed to cost X retail value = OTB at cost Slide 2 of 2

  15. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Planning Purchases for a Chain Store Operation • Buying for all branches in a chain store operation is usually done in a central location (company headquarters), and is called centralized buying. Chain stores use centralized buying in order to create a unified image for the chain. Customers can expect to find the same goods in every branch. Slide 1 of 2

  16. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Planning Purchases for a Chain Store Operation • Decentralized buying is used when chain stores want to have special goods in their stores that are not available elsewhere in the chain. In these cases, local store managers or their designated buyers are authorized to make special purchases for their individual stores. Slide 2 of 2

  17. SECTION 23.1 The Role of the Buyer Government Markets • Government units are the federal, state, or local agencies that are responsible for purchasing goods and services for their specific markets. There are approximately 85,000 government units in the U.S., including the Federal Aviation Administration and local school boards.

  18. ASSESSMENT 23.1 Reviewing Key Terms and Concepts • 1. What are the differences between organizational buyers and consumers? • 2. What products might an industrial buyer purchase? • 3. What do wholesale and retail buyers purchase? • 4. In a retail buying situation, what does a buyer prepare in advance of the selling situation? • 5. Why do chain stores use centralized buying?

  19. ASSESSMENT 23.1 Thinking Critically • What would happen if a buyer computed a planned sales figure for the next planning period that was 20 percent too high?

  20. Marketing Essentials End of Section 23.1

More Related