120 likes | 233 Vues
Pricing- Part Deux. Chapter 20. Pricing Process. Identify Pricing Constraints. Estimate Remand and Revenue. Determine Cost, Volume, & Profit Relationships. Select an Approximate Price Level. Set List/Quote Price. Make Special Adjustments to List/Quoted Price.
E N D
Pricing- Part Deux Chapter 20
Pricing Process Identify Pricing Constraints Estimate Remand and Revenue Determine Cost, Volume, & Profit Relationships Select an Approximate Price Level Set List/Quote Price Make Special Adjustments to List/Quoted Price
Step 4: Select an Appropriate Price Level • Demand-Oriented • Cost-Oriented • Profit-Oriented • Competition-Oriented
Demand-Oriented • Price Skimming • Penetration Pricing • Prestige Pricing • Price Lining • Odd-Even Pricing • Target Pricing • Bundle Pricing • Yield Management Pricing Source: http://www.clker.com/clipart-125655.html
Cost-Oriented • Standard Mark-up Pricing • Cost-Plus Pricing • Experience Curve Pricing
Profit-Oriented • Target Profit Pricing • Target Return on Sales Pricing • Target Return-on-Investment Pricing
Competition-Oriented Pricing • Customary Pricing • Above-, At-, or Below-market Pricing • Loss-Leader
Step 5: Set the List or Quoted Price • One-Price v. Flexible-Price Policy • Effects • Company • Product-line pricing • Customer effects • Perceptions • Competitive • Price war Source: http://www.clker.com/clipart-price-tag.html
Step 6: Make Special Adjustments to the List or Quoted Price • Discounts • Quantity Discounts • Seasonal Discounts • Trade (Functional) Discounts • $100 less 25/20/10 • Cash Discounts • $1,000 2/10 net 30
Step 6: Make Special Adjustments to the List or Quoted Price • Allowances • Trade-in Allowances • Promotion Allowances • EDLP
Step 6: Make Special Adjustments to the List or Quoted Price • Geographical Adjustments • FOB Origin Pricing • Uniform Delivered Pricing • Single-Zone Pricing • Multiple-Zone Pricing • Freight Absorbed Pricing • Basing-Point Pricing
Legal Issues • Price fixing • Price discrimination • Deceptive pricing • Geographical pricing • Predatory pricing