Kingdom Protista

1. Kingdom Protista

2. Pond Water Protists • If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around are protists.

3. What Makes Protists so cool? • Protists first appeared in the fossil records about 1.5 billion years ago. • Demonstrate an important evolutionary advancement; a membrane bound nucleus. • This means, all Protists are eukaryotic

4. Background • Have ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes. • Members of the Kingdom Protista are the simplest of the eukaryotes.

5. More Protist Background • Protists can be unicellular, multicellular or colonial. • Reproduce sexually and asexually. • Require an aquatic environment. • There are three types: Plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like

6. Why are they important? • Autotrophic protists, like phytoplankton, produce a significant portion of the Earth’s oxygen. • Play an important role in the carbon cycle. • Important producers and consumers in food chains.

7. Kingdom Protista-The Phylums! Slime Molds “Protozoans” Algae

8. ProtozoansThe “animal-like” protists

9. How are all Protozoans alike? • Heterotrophs • Grouped according to how they MOVE • Hunt and gather other microbes • Digest in a vacuole filled with enzymes • A couple of the Phylum of protozoan….

10. Phylum Rhizopoda-Amoeba • Thrive in fresh water, salt water and soil. • Many are motile, with pseudopods used for locomotion. • Few parasitic species found in animal intestines.

11. Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium • Most complex and • advanced • Have hairlike structures • called cilia which are used for • movement and in feeding. • Reproduce through binary fission • and conjugation. (just like….?)

12. Phylum Zoomastigina • flagella • salt and fresh water. Most are parasitic and cause disease in animals. • Asexual reproduction • Form cysts that allow them to be spread from host to host. • Giardia

13. Phylum Sporozoa • Lack means of independent locomotion. • Exclusively parasitic. • Depend entirely upon the body fluids of their hosts for movement. • Have a spore-like stage.

15. Plantlike Protists

16. How are all plant-like protists alike? • Plant-like protists are algae • Eukaryotic autotrophs • Foundation of food webs • Produce the majority of Earth’s oxygen! • Split by UNICELLULAR algae and MULTICELLULAR algae

17. Phylum of Algae-Unicellular

18. Phylum Bacillariophyta-Diatoms • Fresh and salt water • Autotrophic, contain chlorophyll. • Many are encased in shells or skeletons of silica.

19. DIATOMS

20. Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates • Autotrophs, contain chlorophyll and red pigments. • Can contaminate shell fish. • 2 flagella set at right angles

21. Article on Bioluminescence

22. Phylum Euglenophyta - Euglena • Both heterotrophic and autotrophic. • Have an eye spot which is sensitive to light. • Reproduce sexually and asexually. • Evolutionary link between plants and animals.

23. Multicellular Algae-by color!

24. Phylum Rhodophyta- Red • They are found in warm or cold marine environments along coast lines in deeper water. • Their pigments absorb green, violet, and blue light waves. (LEAVING RED!) These light waves are able to penetrate below 100 meters.

26. Phylum Phaeophyta-brown • They are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts. • Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex brown algae. They have hold fasts and air bladders.

27. Phylum Chlorophyta-Green • Most green algae are found in freshwater

28. A Volvox is a hollow ball composed of hundreds of flagellated cells in a single layer.

29. Fungus-Like Protists

30. Slime Molds • Slime Molds-fungi-like • During good times, they live as independent, amoeba-like cells, dining on fungi and bacteria. • Hard times- individual cells begin gathering together to form a single structure. • The new communal structure=a slug

31. The slug oozes toward light. When the communal cells sense that they've come across more food or better conditions, the slug stops • Clip from Planet Earth