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behavioral and cognitive TRAINING IN Adults

By: Sandra Cantu EDTC 3320. behavioral and cognitive TRAINING IN Adults.

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behavioral and cognitive TRAINING IN Adults

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  1. By: Sandra Cantu EDTC 3320 behavioral and cognitive TRAINING IN Adults

  2. There are two popular methods that describe how people learn. There is the behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. While both do not agree on how people learn, both can be used together to help people learn their objectives. How adults learn

  3. Behaviorist: b.f. skinner • B.F. Skinner grew up in Pennsylvania. • In 1926 he graduated form Hamilton College with an BA in English. • He discovered the writings of Pavlov and Watson during his early writing days. • He was so inspired by Pavlov and Watson that he enrolled in the psychology graduate program at Harvard University.

  4. In 1945, Skinner became the Psychology Department Chair for the University of Indiana. Three years later he joined the psychology department at the University of Harvard were he lead his studies of behaviorism. Skinner is know for his famous “Skinner Box” in which rats learned how to get their own food by pressing on a lever. b.f. skinner’s continued

  5. Classical Conditioning: Demonstrated by Pavlov and describes an involuntary response to a stimulus He trained dogs to react to a bell and measured their secondary reaction Operant Conditioning: Developed by Skinner He believed that people learn by using positive or negative feedback Behaviorist approach to learning

  6. Cognitive: Benjamin Bloom • Benjamin Bloom was born in Lansford Pennsylvania in 1913. • In 1935 Bloom received a bachelors and master degree from Pennsylvania State University. • In 1942 he obtained his Ph.D. in Education from the University of Chicago • In 1940 was name Instructor of Education Psychology at the University of Chicago and remind there for 30 years.

  7. Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain was developed by Bloom to improve university exams. Bloom’s Cognitive Domain consist of 6 levels: Evaluation, Synthesis, Analysis, Application, Comprehension and Knowledge. cognitive approach to learning

  8. Bloom’s cognitve domain • Evaluation: The higher level of learning the ability to judge the value of material • Synthesis: The ability to create something new from other parts. • Analysis: The ability to break down the material so it could be understood. • Application: The ability to use learned material in new context. • Comprehension: The ability to understand new material. • Knowledge: The first level of learning, the ability to remember material previously learned.

  9. During World War II the military had to train thousands of soldiers. The best way at the time to do this was to use BF Skinners theory of operant conditioning. The military created instruction focused on observable behaviors and with positive feedback soldiers would learn. The military thought that everyone could learn with these methods and with enough repetition and feedback. One particular training that uses a behaviorist approach or classical conditioning is flight simulations. Pilots sit in front of a simulator and are trained to respond a different way, depending on what warning light is flashing. The pilot is conditioned to respond reflexively especially when a plane is having technical problems and there is not time to think. Another military training that uses this approach is the infantry. They are trained to shoot at a target that looks human. As soon as they see the target their reflexes are conditioned to press the trigger. Behaviorism methods in military training

  10. In the 1950’s the military started changing their training methods with the emergence of cognitive learning theories by Bloom. The military used Bloom’s Taxonomy in collaboration with other systems to help the military with staffing, intelligence, and training instruction designs. cogntive methods in military training

  11. Behaviorist and Cognitive theories go hand in hand when creating adult education instruction. The military uses both in their trainings for different objectives. Both these theories are still used in military training today. Using both theories in instruction design will produce more effective learning solutions. Conclusion

  12. Cherry, K.(2011). About.com Guide Retrieved June 23, 2011, from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_skinner.htm New World Encyclopedia, Retrieved June 23, 2011, from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Benjamin_Bloom Grossman, D. (2000). Retrieved June 24, 2011, from http://www.killology.com/art_trained_operant.htm Instructional Design Central, Retrieved June 24, 2011, from http://www.instructionaldesigncentral.com/htm/IDC_instructionaltechnologytimeline.htm Leigh, D. (1998).Performance Improvement Global Network. Retrieved June 24 ,2011, from http://www.pignc-ispi.com/articles/education/brief%20history.htm Brown, A., & Green, T. (2006). The Essentials of Instructional Design. Boston, MA: PEARSON. Works cited

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