Early Inhabitants of Pennsylvania

1. Native Americans – William Penn Early Inhabitants of Pennsylvania

2. It is believed that the earliest inhabitants of Pennsylvania came to our state by accident. They are thought to have followed prey across a land bridge, Probably not even realizing they were on a new land mass. How did the first people get to PA?

3. 1600 – 15,000 Native Americans in PA 1800 – 1,000 Native Americans in PA SO WHAT HAPPENED? How many people were living here before the Europeans arrived?

4. Algonquian • Delaware • Shawnee • Nanticoke • Iroquois • Cayuga • Mohawk • Oneida • Onondaga • Seneca • Tuscarora • Erie • Susquehannock Which Natives lived in pa?

5. 1600’s - Sweden, Holland, France and England are all busy mapping the waterways and claiming the same land. When did the Europeans come to pa?

6. What claim did the natives have to the land? Native Americans No one owns the land. • Sweden • Holland • England • France Which European country would own the land?

7. The Swedish settlers, or Swedes, had a prosperous settlement. They decided to attack the Dutch (People from Holland) settlement on the Delaware River. The Dutch settlement was easily taken but the Dutch decide to fight back. Eventually, they completely take over the Swedes and their settlements. The Swedes stay on living under Dutch rule. Now the Dutch control territory in New York and Pennsylvania. What? The Dutch and Swedes fight for PA?

8. 1664 – The King of England became nervous over the Dutch controlling so much of the “New World”. He sent a fleet of ships to take control of the Dutch lands. The English were successful without ever firing a shot! The Dutch were so intimidated that they simply gave up at the first sight of the English! What could make an english king nervous?

9. France and England are left to vie for control of the “New World” The King’s brother, James, is appointed Duke of York and made the governor of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The dutch are gone, now what?

10. How did the Swedes and the Dutch Leave their mark on Pennsylvania?

11. The king owed William’s father money but the king had no money to repay the debt. After William’s father died, he gave William a land grant as payment for the debt. Penn had already been thinking of a colony where people did not have to fear religious persecution. He began his “Holy Experiment” How did Pennsylvania start?

12. Penn sent a small group of Quakers to PA to begin the colony. A year later Penn sailed with 100 other Quakers to join them in PA. The trip took 2 months and all but 30 of the people onboard died. They arrived in PA in November. There were only enough homes to house the original few settlers. Also, the settlers really did not know how to hunt or grow food in this new land. How hard is it to start a colony?

13. The Delaware Indians come to their rescue! Who will save the Quakers and Pennsylvania?

14. Penn decides to pay the Native Americans for the land that he was given by the King of England. This would be land that most Europeans would already consider rightfully theirs! How does Penn Chose to deal with the natives?

15. NO! Penn’s sons tricked the Delaware Indians into giving up more land than had been intended through the use of the Walking Purchase. Did the leaders of pa after penn deal with the Native Americans As well as he did?

16. 65 Miles in 18 Hours! How much land did they cover in the second walking purchase?

17. Penn stayed either at Pennsbury Manor or the Slate House, also know as Appleton while he was in PA. Both of these homes were located in Philadelphia. Where did William penn live while in pa?

18. “Greene Country Towne” (Large plots of land mimicking country estates.) How did penn plan Philadelphia?

19. All people are created equal. People can worship however they see fit. Everyone has a say in their government. How exactly do you create a “Holy Experiment”?

20. “The Great Law” – (1682) This was a law that stated that all people were born equal. “Frame of Government” – (1682) This law allowed the formation of a council and General Assembly chosen by the people of the colony, from the people of the colony, for the people of the colony. “Charter of Privileges” – (1701) The General Assembly can suggest laws to be considered by the King. Also, freedom of religion was protected. How did penn attempt to secure these rights for the Citizens of Pennsylvania?

21. As people hear of the freedoms that are being offered in Pennsylvania they begin flooding into the colony. With so many different types of people coming for freedom it had some lasting effects. Our state has been home to many unique groups over the years. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THE COLONY OF Pennsylvania?

22. Known as the Society of Friends. Believe in a simple and peaceful life. They also believe that the purpose of life is to worship God through fellowship and friends. Created the 1st School. Believed that people should be trained while in jail. Do not believe in war. Who are the Quakers?

23. Founded 100 years after the Quakers. This group broke from the mainstream Quakers in 1747. They got their name because when they become spiritually excited their bodies would shake. Common ownership of property is a part of their beliefs; as well as a simple life, living in rural regions. They also believe in equality between genders and races. Who are the Shakers?

24. Also known as the Pennsylvania Dutch these people have a German background. Their religion grew out of the Anabaptist movement. They reject the idea of infant baptism and instead believe in baptism as a believing adult. They also rejected the ideas of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation. They also taught separation of church and state which was unheard of during the 16th century. This group first tried to escape religious persecution by fleeing to Switzerland and other remote regions. Later they came to PA to gain religious tolerance. Who are the Mennonites?

25. The Amish broke off from the Mennonites of Switzerland in 1693. The Amish were upset with the lack of enforcement of shunning or excommunicating of disobedient members by the Swiss Mennonites. In 1730 the Amish began showing up in PA. The beliefs of the Amish and the Mennonites are basically the same since they share the same historical roots. Who are the Amish?

26. Both groups believe in simplicity of faith. The differences in these two groups is how they chose to live and practice those beliefs. Mennonite AND Amish

27. Mennonites are tolerant of technology and the outside world. Also, they accept higher education. They believe that it can help strengthen their religion. They worship in churches and do missionary work in the “outside”world. Amish feel that the influence of the outside world through things like education and technology interfere with the purity of faith. As a result they refrain from the use of modern technologies and conveniences. The Amish worship in their homes and have as little contact as possible with those who are not of their faith. However, it truly all depends on what type of order they belong to. “Old Orders "whether they are Mennonite or Amish resist the outside world. “Modern Orders” are more accepting of the outside world and technology. Mennonite vs. Amish

28. Schools – Private (Ran by the parents) Only go up to grade 8. Technology – Not allowed except in special situations. (Buggy Lights, Fences) They feel it causes vanity, creates inequality, and leads them away from lifestyle Clothing – Simple style with little ornamentation Dark colors, fully covers, plain fabric Family Life – Most important social unit Large families with 7-10 children are common German is spoken in the home and English is taught at school Women take the household chores, while men take the farm chores. Amish marry Amish, Divorce is not allowed. What are the specifics of the amish?

29. Shunning – Being expelled from the Amish community for a breach of the religious rules. Only used after many warnings fail to stop behavior. Funerals – Held 3 days after the death. The graves are hand dug. The tombstone markers are simple (No one is better than anyone else) buried. Specifics of Amish Continued

30. This group first moved to PA after having a failed settlement in Georgia. They purchased 500 acres in PA for a settlement that they called Bethlehem. Later they purchased 5,000 acres for a settlement they called Nazareth. Moravians believe in a simple lifestyle. The men or brothers live separate from the women who were also known as sisters. Married couples and children also had their own dwellings. Relations with Native Americans were good. In fact they built homes for the converts to their religion. This group also bought slaves so that they could set them free. Their motto is “In essentials, unity; in nonessentials, liberty; and in all things, love.” Who are The Moravians?

31. The Brethren are a group that came to PA looking for religious tolerance. They are also known as the “Dunkards” because they believe in baptism by dunking a person in the running waters of a stream. These people also believe in living a simple life as “plain people”. They dress very similar to Quakers and Mennonites and the Lancaster region has many people of this faith. WHO ARE THE BRETHRENS? Founders Hall – Juniata College A Brethren College President Dwight Eisenhower's Mother was a Brethren

32. This group is a close relative of the Brethren. They too chose PA because of its religious tolerance. These people lived like monks and nuns. They would pray for hours and they don’t believe in war. They also did not believe in many comforts because they thought that it put them farther from God. So, these people slept on hard boards with wooden block pillows. They built homes similar to the ones that they had in Germany. The most famous is the Ephrata Cloister. There was a separate house for the sisters (women) and one for the brothers (men). The Ephrata Cloisters were built in Conestoga territory (Near Lancaster). Who are the Seventh Day Baptists?

33. These people originated in Scotland. They left Scotland for Ireland. There in Ireland they found persecution by English landowners. They began coming to PA in the 1700’s looking for a better life – both due to religious reasons and the opportunity for survival and advancement in society. They are thought to be the pioneers of PA because they settled the west. They brought with them the Presbyterian religion. They did a lot of missionary work with the Natives and the African-Americans. They also participated in the writing of state and national constitutions. Who are the Scots-Irish? 1706 Philadelphia Presby

34. Catholics chose to settle in PA because of the religious tolerance. They did not have much success in other parts of America initially because they were persecuted for their beliefs. PA is thought to be the most positive experience for Catholics in the colonies. In 1757 there were 1,365 Catholics in PA our of 200,000-300,000 people. Catholics were not permitted to hold office in PA because they were considered to not be loyal to the king. Their loyalty was to the Pope. This would eventually help to bring about separation of church and state. Who are the Catholics? Saint Michael’s Parish Philadelphia – Est.1831

35. The Jews believe in the Jewish religion which has often been persecuted against throughout Europe. Many Jews came to PA as early as the 1700’s to escape persecution. They did not all come from one homeland, rather they came from many different countries. Who are the Jews?

36. Indentured servants could not afford the trip to America. They wanted to come to America to find a better life. They would sign on with a ship’s captain and then he would sell them off when they arrived in PA. These were not slaves. They would work for 4-7 years and then gain their freedom. Their service could be extended for breaking a law. This was a cheap form of labor for the farmers who were trying to make a go of things here in America. Later these same farmers turned to racial slavery because they realized it was even more profitable. The indentured servants would generally be given: land/corn/guns/a cow/clothes Who are the Indentured servants?

37. The African-Americans came to PA very early on. The Quakers brought some here as slaves. In PA slavery grew slowly but steadily. Later other groups would start using them as slaves throughout America. The Quakers eventually played a leading role in abolishing slavery. PA abolished slavery 82 years before President Lincoln abolished it in the U.S. PA is famous for two reasons in connection with African-Americans. First, it was home to the Underground Railroad. Second, the oldest and continuously owned property by African-Americans in the country is found in Philadelphia. It is the African American Methodist Episcopal Church. Who are the african-americans? 1786 – George Washington complained about a “society of Quakers “that helped his runaway slaves.

38. Mosaic – Something composed of diverse elements. PA is thought to be a religious mosaic. Why might we call PAa Religious Mosaic? What details support this statement? Religious Mosaic