1. Text: Integrating Technology for Meaningful Learning. Grabe & Grabe. 5th Edition, 2007. CHAPTER 4 : Using Instructional Software and Multimedia for Content-Area Learning

2. Technology for Instruction • Computer Based Instruction (CBI) or Computer - Assisted Instruction (CAI) • The computer acts as a tutor and is integral to classroom instruction

3. 4 Stages of Instruction • 1. Exposure to info & learning experiences • 2. Initial guidance to ease student’s understanding of info and execution of skills • 3. Extended practice to improve fluency and retention of info • 4. Assessment of student learning

4. Categories of Instructional Software • Tutorials • Simulations • Drill & Practice • Educational Games • Exploratory Environments.

5. Tutorials • Purpose: • present information & guide learning • aid the adaptation of instruction to individual needs • provide a means to review info • make information accessible to different learning styles by using different forms • track/assess student performance and understanding

6. Simulations • Purpose is to provide real world experiences in a controlled learning environment. • Allows for role play and demonstration of knowledge. • There are four stages of instruction: presentation, guidance, practice and assessment.

7. Drill & Practice • Computer-based means to learn/practice/demonstrate skills such as typing, spelling, word patterns, numerical operations, etc.

8. Educational Games • Designed to engage and challenge students in a competitive & entertaining format so that learning is promoted and internalized.

9. Exploratory Environments • Provide a means to explore, manipulate, and manage computer-based worlds. • (AKA Intentional Learning Environments and Interactive Learning Environments)

10. Multimedia • An application that uses multiple modes of media (i.e. visual and audio), two or more symbol systems (i.e. text and graphics), and two genres within a symbol system (i.e. video and still image). • NOTE: Excessive text, sound and animations can result in student distraction interfering with content learning.

11. Hypermedia • Provides means to experience multimedia in non-linear form (individual words, text and audio segments, images, animations, etc.)

12. Hypertext • Hypermedia that is composed only of text