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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution marked a significant shift from agrarian economies to industrial powerhouses, primarily in Great Britain during the late 18th century. It involved the rise of factory systems, mass production, and new technologies like the steam engine and spinning jenny. This transition led to the growth of cities and a new social structure, characterized by the emergence of the middle class and a harsh working environment for the labor class. While capitalism thrived, issues like child labor and poor living conditions highlighted the revolution's societal challenges and the tensions between capitalism, socialism, and communism.

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Industrial Revolution • Definition: The shift of an economy from mostly agriculture to mostly industry

  3. Economy Prior to Industrial Revo • Cottage Industry= Small home based production by the individual or small group

  4. Illustrated Notes • “Cottage Industry”

  5. Econ. after Ind. Revo • Factory System= a large number of workers working under one roofwhoare responsible for one aspect of making a product

  6. Illustrated Notes • “Textile Industry” • “Factory System”

  7. Key Terms • Capital = Money that can be invested

  8. Key Terms • Entrepreneurs = People who look for new businesses to invest in to make a profit

  9. Key Terms • Mass Production = the making of a large number of goods, usually using an assembly line

  10. Illustrated Notes • “Mass Production”

  11. Key Terms • Spinning Jenny = Could make string at a high rate of speed, thus cloth could be made quicker

  12. Key Terms • Steam Engine = Invented by John Watt. It could run off steam produced by coal. • Impact: factories did not have to be by a river

  13. Why did this start in Britain? • Illustrated notes • “Great Britain 1780’s”

  14. Causes of the Ind. RevoNew vs. Old • OLD WAY • Factories • Used animals and water mills for power • Iron • Impure and weak • Coal • Hard to mine • Transportation • Animals, slow sailing, bad roads • NEW WAY • Factories • Used steam engines which increased production • Iron • More pure and strong • Coal • Easier to mine • Transportation • Steam Engine = Railroads, steam ships = fast • Asphalt roads = fast

  15. Illustrated Notes • “Transportation”

  16. Social Impact of Industrial Revo • Factories • Need to run at a constant rate 24/7 • Lights allowed this • Harsh rules to make people work FAST and EFFICIENTLY • On farms you worked fast and slow depending on season

  17. Social Impact • Population grew, death rates fell • People ate better & no wars • Cities grew • ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT-Laws passed in Brit that allowed land owners to fence off “common land” forcing peasants to cities to find factory work

  18. Social Impact • Industrial Capitalism= economy based on industrial production • New middle class who could afford products • Working class who worked 12-16 hrs/day, 6 days a week, no breaks in harsh conditions

  19. Social Impact • Children worked due to cheap and small • Factories very dangerous with poor conditions • Crowded dirty cities w/ poor living conditions

  20. Capitalism vs. Socialism vs. Communism • The “situation” • Individuals own all the means of production • This results in massive competition between people for money and power • This is Capitalism • The “Problem:” • Only a few people succeed, the rest work hard and get nowhere

  21. Solutions • “Socialism” = the society and government own & control the means of production. • This creates cooperation vs. competition • People work together to get rich as a team • “Communism” = Like socialism but govt owns and controls everything

  22. “The Communist Manifesto” • Writen by Marx and Engels • Blamed capitalism for horrid working conditions

  23. “The Communist Manifesto” • IDEA: • History tells us that OPPRESSORS own means of production, thus controls govt and society while OPPRESSED depend on owners and only can sell labor

  24. Bourgeoisie • Oppressors

  25. Proletariat • Oppressed

  26. Struggle • Struggle between the two will lead to revolution where the proletariat overthrows the Bourgeoisie • They will create a dictatorship and get ride of classes and take over production • Creating a classless society where everyone is equal

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